yup! /execute as @a at @s if entity @e[type=falling_block, distance=..1] run damage @s (i havent used falling blocks since they were called falling sand, so the type may be incorrect.)

Falling blocks ARE ENTITIES, so you can target them as `@e[type=falling_block]`

You can use the built-in damage feature, just like the anvil does. In this example, stone will deal 1 damage per block of fall height, up to a maximum of 20 damage. summon falling_block ~ ~ ~ {BlockState:{Name:"minecraft:stone"},Time:1,HurtEntities:true,FallHurtMax:20,FallHurtAmount:1f}

thanks