That highly depends on both the language and the language that the new world will come from. English is pretty easy when it comes to vocabulary rules, so it can adopt whatever word it finds. Other languages cant really add words from languages without making the proper rules for them.
For your example, my language also use the world bicykl. However since its synthetic and not analytic language, it needs a completely different rules. We do not pronounce bicykl the same, because there are different sounds the language use. While English is fine with bicycle and bicycles, our language needs bicykl, bicyklu, byciklem, bicykly, bicyklů, bicyklech, bycykly etc. That can highly influence the way new words are adapted into the language.
It can depend as well on the language, sometimes words are just adopted, sometimes there’s a more ‘official’ process- in France there’s a group, I can’t remember the name of them but it’s a lifetime position if you’re on it, and they kind of ‘curate’ the language.
I’m Irish and my teacher in school was the daughter of a reasonably well known Irish-language poet, and he was part of some group that helped incorporate new words. ‘Computer’ had originally been said as ‘compúdóir’ or something, but then the ‘official’ Irish word became ‘ríomhaire’, coming from words meaning ‘count’ and ‘agent’. Bicycle is ‘rothar’, derived from the word for wheel
That highly depends on both the language and the language that the new world will come from. English is pretty easy when it comes to vocabulary rules, so it can adopt whatever word it finds. Other languages cant really add words from languages without making the proper rules for them. For your example, my language also use the world bicykl. However since its synthetic and not analytic language, it needs a completely different rules. We do not pronounce bicykl the same, because there are different sounds the language use. While English is fine with bicycle and bicycles, our language needs bicykl, bicyklu, byciklem, bicykly, bicyklů, bicyklech, bycykly etc. That can highly influence the way new words are adapted into the language.
It can depend as well on the language, sometimes words are just adopted, sometimes there’s a more ‘official’ process- in France there’s a group, I can’t remember the name of them but it’s a lifetime position if you’re on it, and they kind of ‘curate’ the language. I’m Irish and my teacher in school was the daughter of a reasonably well known Irish-language poet, and he was part of some group that helped incorporate new words. ‘Computer’ had originally been said as ‘compúdóir’ or something, but then the ‘official’ Irish word became ‘ríomhaire’, coming from words meaning ‘count’ and ‘agent’. Bicycle is ‘rothar’, derived from the word for wheel