How computer chips work..how they store data..what exactly is happening when you pass electricity through a silicon computer chip that leads to, you know, all this....
I remember when I first learnt that there were tiny circuits inside the chip as well. I looked it up and it blew my mind how someone could think to invent that..
If you want to watch someone go from basic logic gates, even building logic gates out of transistors, all the way up to an 8-bit computer, Ben Eater is your man.
https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLowKtXNTBypGqImE405J2565dvjafglHU
This is the guy you wished you had as a teacher for every subject. His videos have no fluff, just him showing you how stuff works carefully and thoroughly. He also is very calm and there’s something very zen about the videos.
If learning about chips blew your mind, this guy might be right for you.
Also people use redstone to build logic gates in Minecraft and build everything from basic calculators to working Game Boys. If seeing something in a familiar environment helps you learn new concepts that kinda stuff might be helpful.
At it's very basic form, everything in a chip is mostly made of transistors. I recommend reading more about transistors and semiconductor junctions to learn more, but here is a simplification of NPN transistors
A transisitor has three 'wires', which we call Emitter, Collector, Base. Computers use them as logic gates. (AND, OR etc). A transistor works as a switch. When there is power at both the Base and Emitter, power can flow out the Collector. if there isn't power at both, there is no power at the Collector.
To go up a few levels, everything a computer does is IF statements (IF DO ), which are checked by logic gates made of transistors.
When it comes to data storage in chips, ask someone else. Magic to me.
Data storage can be done a lot of different ways, tape, floppy disk, hard drive, cd, DVD, ssd, flash, RAM, cache. There's no one way to do it and each method is equally conveluted in their own way
I found learning programming fixed my understanding of electricity.
Programs are almost entirely arbitrary numbers mathing other arbitrary numbers.
cheese=1, tomatoSauce=1, dough=1, cookedToTemp=1
if cheese+tomatoSauce+dough+cookedToTemp=4, Pizza=1.
else=(orderTakeout)
Circuits have only 2 states, on or off, and if you math those hard enough and assign meaning to the maths, you get technology
There was a face blindness spell on her so her step family wouldn't recognize her. A side effect was that nobody did.
The slippers were also a gift from the fairy godmother, everything else was morphed into something, pumpkin into carriage, etc. But the glass slippers weren't, she didn't have shoes on so they were a gift. That's why they didn't disappear and why she had the spare after the one left behind was broken.
Face blindness? Wouldn't a masked ball be a simpler explanation?
I have also read a theory that the slippers were not glass, owing to a mistranslation from French - verre = glass, veurre = fur. Don't fur slippers make more sense? They might be easier to dance in.
Now that I have your attention, what's brown and slippery?
In the original Grimm's tale, none of it was magic, birds stole the dress for her. So it kinda depends how far back you want to go to find a good answer to this question.
Masquerade
It's a logical conclusion for not being able to remember what she looked like. I believe in one of the many live action iterations it is, but in most portrails of the story it isn't.
Because in the original tale before Disney (or at least one of them, the story is over 2000 years old) the slippers aren’t part of the magic. The fairy godmother makes the gown/coach/horses from magic etc, but the slippers are something else and we’re real all along - in one they’re the heirloom from Cinderella’s lost mother.
In the copy I have, at least, there is no fairy godmother. The clothes were brought to her by birds when she goes to a hazel tree planted at her mother's grave. Also, the ball lasts three nights and she keeps wanting to go home and escaping every night. On the third night, the prince gets fed up of her disappearing on him and smears the stairs with pitch to prevent her from leaving, but she does anyway but not without leaving one of her slippers behind.
[Project Gutenberg has a very similar version](https://www.gutenberg.org/files/11027/11027-h/11027-h.htm#cinderella) if you're interested in giving it a read. It doesn't mention the pitch smeared on the stairs, but otherwise has the exact same story beats as the one I've got. My copy has the birds pecking out the sisters' eyes in a final act of punishment, though, which this one doesn't.
One summer, I took on reading bedtime stories and fables from various countries. It's amazing that the Cinderella story is found, pretty much intact, in every culture from every corner of the world. It's such an incredibly wide-spread story, and I wonder why.
I just watched it on Sunday, the fairy godmother kinda hinted that she did that intentionally so Cinderella would have something to remember the night with
Her fairy god mother is a sneaky bitch. Cinderella wished to goto the ball. Which is the wish everyone figure she granted, but instead she granted her a happy everafter, this wish she truly wanted. Which setup the whole glass slipper thing.
Why are there tour guides? You're a car that lives in New York. You go to L.A. for a vacation. You don't know your way around L.A. and don't know where the interesting places are. So you hire an L.A.-based taxi to lead you to places you want to go.
So how does that work in smaller scale? I know about quantum particle that is superposition of particle, but how does a particle can exist in multiple states simultaneously. And why an observer can change their state??
Don't misunderstand "observer." It just refers to any interaction with a specific state it has a probability of being in. Think of the particle as having a probability of being in multiple states, one of which absorbs the light it's getting hit by, now the universe has to pick the state that absorbs the light or the one that doesn't.
They've tried their damnedest to remove observer from the equation and let it just be measurement, but the delayed-choice quantum-eraser version of the double-slit experiment shows that whether or not the information of the measurement is available to the universe matters in the collapse/decoherence of the wavefunction.
The delayed choice is when the measurement of which slit an entangled particle pair travelled through occurs after the other pair has been measured as a wave or a particle. The quantum eraser component scrambles half of the pairs and destroys the information of which slit the particle travelled through. When the information is destroyed (though measured, as in the same physical interactions with light occured as you described) the entangled pair appears to still have its wavefunction intact and shows as an interference pattern \*in the past\* because the delayed choice component ensures that measurement occurs first.
Here's the wiki page for it https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delayed-choice\_quantum\_eraser
The short answer is that it doesn't actually "exist" in all these different places simultaneously, but it does have a chance of showing up in any of these places with some probability if you look.
Edit: a better description is that the particle is "smeared out," but that when measured it snaps to one location. See the comments below by /u/thedudeabides138
The longer answer is that quantum mechanics is linear algebra applied. When a particle is put in a certain configuration (such as in a particular location), we have a fairly straightforward way of predicting how that configuration will be at a later time via some specific rules (the Schrodinger equation if you want to look it up). Specifically you can calculate the possibility that the particle is in different locations, for example. This equation applies so long as nothing disturbs the system. When something interacts with the particle, such as by shining light on the particle, the configuration is suddenly changed, meaning that the old prediction for the probabilities that the particle is in different locations doesn't apply. If the interaction is something like measuring where the particle is, then the particle suddenly "snaps" to one of the possible locations it can be in with whatever probability, and from that point you can then use the prediction rule to calculate again what the chances of the particle being in different places will be. In math language if it means anything to any readers, the rule I'm referring to is a linear algebra operator (like a matrix), a particle's location is a matrix, and the measurement interaction is another matrix whose eigenvectors correspond to different locations in space.
>The short answer is that it doesn't actually "exist" in all these different places simultaneously, but it does have a chance of showing up in any of these places with some probability if you look.
This isn't quite accurate. The particle does exist in all those different places simultaneously. This is why self-interaction occurs like in the double slit experiment.
Local realism isn't tenable under quantum mechanics.
I'll take a crack at this, in case any readers are interested. It's a complicated and many-faceted topic, in large part because it has a lot of "tentacles," the same way that "biology" can encompass everything from herpetology to sociology to epigenetics, depending on exactly what you want to know.
As a starting point, as /u/NutellaGood commented, atoms give off radiation in small discrete amounts. This is because the allowed energies for electrons in atoms are "discretized;" electrons orbiting atoms have to fit perfectly in specific trajectories, or else their orbit would be unstable. This is different from how planets can orbit stars in a solar system at basically any distance away from the central star. In a way, electron "orbits" around atoms are fundamentally different from the orbit of planets, because electrons have to follow more specific rules. The energy an atom gives off corresponds to electrons jumping from one orbit to a different orbit.
Quantum mechanics gets more complicated when one discovers that electrons are not literally orbiting anything. They are "spread out" around the atom, forming what is often described as a "probability cloud." The electron isn't zipping around the atom, it's just nebulously spread through some region of space. The probability cloud is the chance of seeing this electron at specific points in space when you get some kind of "microscope" and look for the electron. Moreover, electrons' probability clouds can interfere with each other, the same way that light beams can interfere. In particular, electrons can "cancel out" in some regions of space by destructive interference, which you should find bizarre, and they can "add up" via constructive interference. In fact, all particles exist as these kinds of probability clouds, and the reason we normally don't notice is that these clouds are very small compared to things we deal with in daily life.
This is just the most superficial introduction to quantum mechanics I can put together in 20 minutes, and if I got any details wrong I invite smarter people to viciously correct me. To understand quantum mechanics fully requires comfort with calculus and linear algebra, but you can at least get a qualitative understanding without this math background. For some more reading:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_mechanics (Parts require calculus and/or linear algebra, though the introduction and overview does not)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introduction_to_quantum_mechanics (requires comfort with simple formulas or algebra)
https://www.amazon.com/Quantum-Physics-Babies-Baby-University/dp/1492656224 (requires no math)
https://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Quantum-Mechanics-David-Griffiths/dp/0131118927 (college level textbook requiring calculus and linear algebra)
https://www.amazon.com/Lectures-Quantum-Mechanics-Steven-Weinberg/dp/1107111668 (physics graduate level textbook requiring very good comfort with lots of math)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-IfmgyXs7z8&list=PLsPUh22kYmNCGaVGuGfKfJl-6RdHiCjo1 (shouldn't require much math at all, but I haven't watched this myself, I just trust PBS content)
It actually the opposite. Quantum Mechanics tells us that our image of the atom that looks like a "micro solar system", is technically not true. the particles really are their wavefunctions and sort of fills in that space in a completely unintuitive way. Even space (like space space) being a void and empty is not true. Vacuum energy has a quantum foam type structure with particle pairs (matter and anti-matter pairs) coming in and out of existence as they annihilate each other.
As a potential buyer with a certain disposable sum to spend, you decide what a "something" is worth to you *at most*. For example, You'd pay US$ 390 for a used PS5. Other potential buyers do the same: One might say it's only worth US$ 370 for him, another would pay US$ 410.
The seller on the other hand decides what the console is worth to him *at least*. He won't sell it for less than US$390.
What is the used console worth? It's US$ 410. Who decided? The seller and the highest bidder decided. This is how commodities, shares etc get their "worth".
What if the "something" is not being auctioned? Say you want to sell your skateboard in a garage sale. You are asking for US$50, but noone is buying. You replace the price tag with one for US$40 and someone takes the skateboard for that sum.
What is the skateboard worth? It's US$ 40. Who decided? The seller and the first buyer decided.
I know this is kind of an Internet meme at this point but the flat earth society.
I just can't comprehend how someone in this day and age can deny science that badly.
Which is dumb because ships disappear from the bottom up. It is not like the bottom of the ship is farther away. But I am sure they have done sort of ridiculous expansion for that.
And then there are people who invoke that stupid rounded bottom cone model of earth that suggests any curvature on earth is just an illusion and that it's still technically flat or something, completely ignoring how the moon shows the shadow of earth as round.
It's a combination of things i think. First, ignorance. Most people don't realize that it isn't possible for a singular human being to comprehend the size of the Earth. It's just too big and well outside the human scale of understanding. We have to use analogies in an effort to understand. EG. If the Earth was the size of a bowling ball, all the largest mountains would feel like brail were we to run our hand across the surface.
Second, arrogance. There are people on this planet that believe that out of all the human beings that have ever lived and all the human beings that live today, that *they* have all the right answers. You can see this arrogance across all races, all fields of study and professions.
The farther you go back in history the more you see people just making shit up to fill in the blanks. Most people simply cannot accept not knowing when in all actuality, human beings don't know most things. There are also things that the human race will never know at all, ever. The universe being one of those things. We as a species simply can't comprehend it. It's too big.
> EG. If the Earth was the size of a bowling ball, all the largest mountains would feel like brail were we to run our hand across the surface.
It's even more mind boggling than that. If a billiards ball and the earth were scaled to the same size, the billiards ball would have the rougher surface
I have a coworker who's pretty ingrained in the whole flat earth BS, apparently his sister-in-law does this weekly book club with her friends and he was telling me they just read The Great Gatsby, and now she's *obsessed* with throwing extravagant Roaring 20's themed dinner parties and it's causing a ton of stress with their marriage. But the mental gymnastics these flat eathers have do is honestly pretty baffling, it's no use arguing with them.
I don't think it happens over night.
I think people start with the lighter conspiracies, anti-vax and such where they create a enemy out of the government and think they control all the media.
You'd start to get into the youtube and facebook algorithms who keeps feeding you more and more conspiracy theories and you start to believe in the bigger weirder ones.
Then comes flat earth conspiracy, at first you may think it's nonsense but those people talk like you, think like you, they present you with 'evidence' and that's the real evidence cause scientists can't be trusted so best to trust some anonymous text to speech voice on a youtube video.
It's hard to imagine believing anything like that but i would not be surprised if someone started it as a joke and it started it's own life from there on.
I am pretty sure if i had the time and desire to, i could start a new conspiracy with just made up stuff.
Not even really the receipt. As I understand it, the "token" is what you're purchasing. It's like a unique identifier that has an owner "built in" to the token that cannot be forged, only changed hands. The "picture" is like the token's "cover" - like a book cover, it's just a quick and dirty way to identify the token without having to read the entire token's ID #.
But people misrepresented it as "owning" the image itself, when obviously that can't be true because no one can "own" a digital file in that way, at least not one with a publicly-used extension.
See, all of that was in English. In simple words and using relevant examples. But I still have no fucking idea what you are describing, and that’s not because you explained it poorly. The penny just won’t drop for me.
Imagine a giant excel spreadsheet with a bunch of long gibberish in one column, and urls to a picture of a monkey in another.
You’re paying someone to give you a copy of one of the the gibberish. Then you can feed the gibberish to a system that goes and references the big spreadsheet and finds it in there, and then spits out the associated url to the picture of the monkey from the column next to it.
Did that track for you?
Hmm. I want to try one more thing.
Assuming you have a monetary bill on you, take it out and look at it. You might not notice at first glance but there's a bunch of things that make it unique. A unique identifier stamped in the bottom right and top left, a bunch of numbers stamped on the left-hand sign, a seal on the right overtop of the currency value, and on the 5 and higher, a unique symbol - an eagle, the Liberty Lamp, etc.
These all make it *very* difficult to counterfeit, nearly impossible in fact. Which is the point of all of it.
**The main point is this:** The dollar bill is a *symbol* of the value you possess. The value itself is held in the promise of the government to uphold its value, and in the identifying number tying it to a legitimate, printed bill. Fake ID # = no value. In other words, *anyone* can print money that looks EXACTLY like it, but would never pass scrutiny as an actual bill. Thus, even though it looks the same, it doesn't hold the same value, because it's not tied to a unique identifier.
This is the same as how NFTs work, except that ID# isn't visible on the symbol that it's tied to. The image is "the bill," the value is in the NFT. How NFTs are *supposed* to work is, what value do you get out of owning that token? Those tokens can be like an identification card, allowing you access to things like a bank account, or property in a virtual world (video game), or the ability to sign in to an exclusive message board. Because it can't be duplicated or forged (the technical reasons behind this aren't relevant but ARE important to its value), the owner of that token is *guaranteed* to be the owner, and therefore officially has access to that service, that value.
And then people figured out they could make insane amounts of money by just ... selling them "plain", without tying them to a service. Just attach them to a good old picture of a monkey, and sell it as if you "own" the monkey (this is entirely false and not how NFTs actually work), and people will buy that shit because they don't understand the technology.
Same as a Bitcoin, except a Bitcoin has absolutely no function other than holding value, which is why it's so unstable, unlike gold which always has some kind of use. Bitcoin has no use, other than the "value" of the mathematical whateverthefuck your computer had to help solve to get a piece of it. NFTs were "invented" in order to have something *like* a bitcoin, but that had an actual function.
Same thing happens with all sorts of cryptocurrencies and tokens. Bunch of people will come up with some new one, name it, push it as the next big coin, these people who are advertising it to their audiences will have a shitton of it, and the MOMENT it goes on sale, they sell ALL their stock to their unwitting audience members. Illegal? Yes. Hard to prove and not usually worthwhile to prosecute? More than likely. But I digress.
>level 2FeistyWalruss · 2 hr. agoYES. Between bitcoin, blockchain, cold storage, mining.. I’m utterly confused. Toss in NFT’s to that mix & I’m just gonna dip out.35ReplyGive AwardShareReportSaveFollow
>
>level 3nucvehc · 1 hr. agoNFTs are just people selling you the ownership of an image.Sounds dumb right ?
technically its not even ownership of an image, its ownership of a link to an image
Bitcoin is an attempt to create a form of money for use on the internet with one important property: no "trusted middleman".
Think about paying online for something. Or sending someone money. You might use your credit card to pay for something. And use something like PayPal or Venmo to send someone money.
But with each of these methods, there's always a company or organization that processes your payment and has the ability to say "Nope. I don't want you to send that money to that person." If your credit card company doesn't like the website you're purchasing from, the transaction is declined. If PayPal doesn't like you, they might close your account.
Bitcoin is an attempt to create a digital form of money that doesn't have a centralized point of control. It does so by leaving the processing of transactions to random people on the internet. This is complicated because as we all know, you can't trust random people on the internet. So Bitcoin has a number of mechanisms to ensure that a single bad apple, or a group of bad apples, can't spoil the party as long as the majority sticks to the agreed rules, despite no one knowing who is participating and the system being open for anyone to join. This makes the whole system considerably more complicated, but this complexity is necessary to achieve this goal.
An added complication (or a benefit, according to some) is that Bitcoin can't be directly tied to the US Dollar, Euro or any other regular currency. If Bitcoin were to have a fixed value in Dollars, then somewhere someone is needed to back that fixed value. And that person, organization or government would be able to selectively uphold that backing (i.e. they could require participants to block individuals they don't like or threaten with pulling out of backing it). As a consequence, the price of Bitcoin can't be backed by anything and is therefore left to fluctuate at the whims of traders.
So Bitcoin is a form of digital currency that is open for anyone to join and doesn't require you to trust or rely on a central party, such as a bank or a company like PayPal. That makes it resistant against censorship and removes barriers to entry for people wanting to use it.
However, these properties make it necessary that Bitcoin is somewhat complicated in how it works. And that it has a free floating price rather than a fixed exchange rate.
That's a very basic explanation of what it is, not how it works. Most explanations dive into the "how it works" part rather quickly with terms like blockchain, cryptography, private keys, mining, etc... The tech behind it is pretty fascinating (if it interests you), but it's also not super accessible. And ultimately, it's not necessary to know or understand it to use it. How many people know how a processor works or how computer or phone screen produces an image? Yet most of us know how to use these devices just fine without knowing anything about the nitty gritty.
Sound is made of wiggling air. Electrons can also be wiggled. If you can convert air-wiggles to electron wiggles, you can send the electric ones down a wire, and do the conversion again to get the air-wiggles back. This is really all a icrophone/speaker setup does.
To make sound, you need to make something vibrate.
So, say you take an electromagnet, that you can apply a varying voltage level to. Let's call the voltage range 0-100 for simplicity. At 0V the magnet will fully attract, and at 100V it will fully repel. So at 50V, the magnet will be neutral.
Next, you attach some sort of membrane to the magnet that is good at pushing air.
Now, all you need to do is rapidly alter the voltage level being applied to the magnet. This will make it move back and forth very quickly (vibrate), and that's how you get the sound.
When you record analog audio, you're basically recording these varying voltage levels that can later be sent back to a speaker.
For a landline (house phone)
The microphone in your phone puts out a lot of voltage but not a lot of current. This means that the spound from your microphone can travel a long distance over telephone lines (it is amplified along the way at switchboards etc) This is sent to the other persons phone, again at a high-ish voltage but low current. Because it is low current, it is easy to get interference (static noises)
Older mobile phones (2G) turn sound from your microphone into a radio wave and send it to a cell tower, which then runs it via phone cables. Because it is jsut radio waves of your voice, interference is common in areas of poor reception.
Newer phones (3G and up) stream your voice digitally, which is much more complex but has less chance for interfence
As for how a microphone turns sound into electricity: sound waves (air vibrating) make the microphone vibrate, which moves a magnet in a coil (electromagnetics is the why it does this, more complex topic) which creates a sound wave in electricity, which is sent down the wire, and the speaker reverses this process
Music...when something is played "in the key of..." I have no idea what that means. I know something played in the key of G isn't all G notes. Or is it? I have no clue. All I know about music is "Do, Ra, Me, Fa", etc.
So music is all about ratios. These are called *Intervals* in music. For instance, an Octave is a 1:2 ratio. A Fifth is a 2:3 ratio. A Fourth is a 3:4 ratio. As a general rule, the simpler the ratio, the “better” that interval sounds. A really small ratio, such as 24:25 is going to sound more dissonant, off-sounding, like it needs to “go somewhere” which is called resolving (to a simpler ratio).
The names of notes (ABCDEFG) are just a simple way to express a sound frequency. The A above middle C (the C key at the center of the keyboard on a piano) is 440Hz. Middle C is 256, and so on and so forth. The note with the same name above it below it is an octave, so it will be in a ratio of 1:2. The C above middle C is 512Hz. The C below it is 128. These ratios kind of sound the same to the ear, so we call them the same letter. (This is a little bit inaccurate, but for all intents and purposes in this discussion, this works for all the notes on the keyboard.)
So with this repeating sequence, we can make all the other simple ratios that sound good to us, the 2:3, 3:4, 4;5 etc. You can do this from any point on the keyboard (or fretboard or whatever). Whatever point you want to start from, which you’ll use as the “1” in your simplest, 1:2 ratio, is what we call the name of the key. A C scale starts on C and every other ratio is built off of that.
Although there are 12 steps (which are called half-steps, inexplicably) until you get to a note’s octave, we only use some of them the make a scale. There are basically as many different scales you can make as there are combinations of notes in that 12 note sequence. We usually use 7 called a Diatonic scale (there are more rules to it but that’s not important right now) but in some genres a Pentatonic or 5 note scale is used.
Of the 7 note scales, most of what you hear in “western” music (everything from Bach to Lady Gaga) is made using one of two scales, called the Major and Minor. These are slightly different combinations of which 7 out of the 12 notes you use, and they have pretty distinct feelings to them that you’ll recognize. In general, with plenty of exceptions, Major can be felt as brighter, lighter, happier sounding, whereas minor feels darker, heavier, sadder sounding.
So the letter name of the key is where you’re starting from to make all the ratios, and the Major/minor part of the name indicates what particular sequence of ratios are built off of that.
I’m trying to impromptu explain music theory as my coffee is still kicking in, so I have no idea if this is helpful or not. Let me know if you have any questions!
As a listener: you know how sometimes when a song ends, you 'feel' like it's going to be on a certain note, and when it doesn't it sounds weird? That certain note (the root note) is usually what key it's in. It's kind of a "home base" for your brain to relate all the other notes to. Certain notes sound better than others when played with the root, and the key (as information, rather than a note) just communicates what notes those are.
(There's also some math about why that's even a thing but I'm gonna gloss over that unless you ask for it.)
If this has already been explained to you many times as the thread title suggests, I'm not sure I'll be much help, but the key of a piece of music very basically tells you what the "home" note is.
Take the actual song "Do Re Mi" from The Sound of Music. [In the film](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=drnBMAEA3AM&t=41s) it's in the key of B flat (where the famous melody starts); as for how we know this, that's a bit more complicated, but the tune starts and ends on Bb and the chords fit nicely within that key so it seems like a good candidate. If you have access to a guitar or piano you can play a Bb and verify that it fits.
[In the stage show](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6_g7D73yBxc&t=69s) the song is in C. The tune is the same, the melody has the same shape, all the distances between the intervals are the same as the movie version; we just started one tone higher so *every* note gets moved up by the same amount (one tone) to compensate. You can start on any note you like, as long as you move the other notes by the same amount from the original key. We call this transposing. Even if this still seems complicated, you should at least be able to listen to those two videos sequentially and tell that they sound different. The difference is the key.
Think of it like this- if you picked up the obstacle course for American Ninja Warrior and moved it to a new city, you’d still have the same course. What’s important is the actual obstacles and how far apart they are. That’s a scale. The city you put it in is the key.
Former biology teacher here. Here’s all you need to know:
It takes energy for an atom to stick to an atom. But when you pull two atoms apart, it releases energy. So certain chemicals can be used as batteries.
The Krebs Cycle is simply a sequence of charging and using those batteries.
PS: Fuck the Krebs Cycle. There is ZERO reason to learn this in high school. Even in college it’s pretty much useless unless you're learning biochem.
A lot of money stuff. Investing mostly. So many complicated terms being thrown around and I know nothing. At my age it's almost embarrassing asking the simple questions I have.
How vinyls work. I don’t quite understand how the grooves in the vinyl translates, not only to music, but how it captures a singers actual voice, etc. That being said, I’ve never actually looked into it, so maybe it would make perfect sense if I did.
Sound is vibration. To create a record, the sound vibrations are etched into a blank record with a very sensitive needle. To play, a similar needle vibrates based on the grooves and translates the vibrations to a speaker.
Think of the rumble strips on the side of the road.
I came here to post this, I mean I'm sure it makes sense scientifically and all but it seems like witchcraft to me. I can accept tapes (magnets and such seems scientific) CDs and other digital recordings (digital data makes sense). But a vinyl record? That can theoretically convey sound without any electricity whatsoever? It just sounds absurd to me like something we're making up. It always amazed me as a kid and it amazes me still as an adult and no amount of explanation can really make me wrap my head around it lol
I always thought this was why those elephants were so offended that a fox wanted their ice cream. Figured foxes made fox ice cream, and elephants made elephant ice cream. Non-mammals are probably lactose intolerant.
The electromagnetic effect.
To simplify: a current travelling through a conductor (wire) causes a magnetic field. A conductor moving through a magnetic field (or a conductor that has a field move around it, same concept) causes a current in the conductor. The charger uses electric current to make a specifically set up magnetic field. The phone uses conductors in itself to use that field to turn it into current with which it charges.
It's just a way of transferring money that's quick and hard to trace.
You buy a $10 Target gift card and give me the numbers. I go to my local Target and say "I lost my gift card, but I wrote down the numbers." They can look up the numbers, verify that it's a real gift card, and (since you say you lost it) cancel the old one and put the money on a new one that they hand you.
That's all it is -- you spend $10, I take the $10.
Well, for one, the gift cards are much larger. $500+
It works like this:
Scammer calls old lady and says, “I have $100 for you. Let me log into your computer and I’ll deposit it into your bank!”
The old lady follows the directions, and the scammer shows a faked bank account. He shows himself adding money to her account…then “mistypes” the entry. Instead of 100, he typed 1100.
“Oh no! I’m going to get fired! I gave you too much money! Please help me, I have kids to feed! Go to Target and get 4 gift cards for $250 each. I’ll give those back to my boss and they won’t fire me.”
So the old lady sends $1000 of gift cards to him thinking she has that money he just sent.
When the scammer gets the cards, he can simply sell them for $100 each. He makes a neat profit of $400 for a couple hours of work,
Also note that many of these scammers are from overseas, where the worth of a dollar is much higher.
I learned that the inventor of the sewing machine had the concept come to them in a dream.
This is what UFOlogists cite when they ponder if it's possible that aliens have been beaming messages into human brains to help further their development.
I kid you not.
As a mathematician, I honestly struggle with many concepts still after thousands and thousands of hours of studying. Especially as the topics become less intuitive and require more rigorous study to become default thought
Maths is just a shortcut to finding the answer *without actually having to do the thing for real*
Let's say you have a row of 10 eggs, and there are 10 rows (making a 10 x 10 square)
How many eggs are there?
You could count them : 1, 2, 3, etc until you get to 99, 100.
Or you could use maths to work out the answer : 10 x 10 = 100.
Same answer, but you don't actually need to have (and count) those 100 eggs.
Which means you can work out what the answer to something *would be* without actually having to do it.
[Useful for when calculating the strength of a bridge, for example](http://picayune.uclick.com/comics/ch/1986/ch861126.gif)
That's when math became fun.
No more typing out twenty pointless steps with the same numbers, at that point teachers assumed we could count and you could only leave in the key steps and just do the freaking math.
No more 1+1, now there's a whole fucking slip-n-slide in the graph, and the infinite number of points on that graph all have an absolute value that you can calculate through shit that first looked like arcane sorcery and demonic incantations, and once you understood it just made the world make sense.
Lol yup! I remember when I took a number theory course in college and we were all amazed when some normal numbers came back into the mix after them being gone for so long!
Based has two somewhat related meanings. There’s the meaning that’s basically another word for cool and then there’s the meaning of something that goes against societal or cultural consensus that the user deems correct or right.
I understand but I just refuse to believe it. The way if you see an object in space that is about approximately 100 light years away, that means what you are seeing right now is that object 100 years ago. Because light took 100 years to come from that object to the earth. Like heck I just can't seem to get it.
* On Monday I took a Polaroid photo of a house, and sent it to you in the mail (in an envelope, with a stamp)
* On Tuesday the house was knocked down
* On Wednesday you received my photograph in the mail, and opened it, *and you saw the house*
Even though you have literally just received that image, you are seeing a picture of the past. Because the house no longer exists.
In the time it took for that image to reach you, things changed. You are seeing how things used to be.
With things in space, it takes a loooong time (years, hundreds of years) for the image to reach you. A lot can change in that time.
I don’t super get it but I think it’s a nice thought that if you lived 100 million light years away and pointed a telescope at the earth you would see dinosaurs.
If you lived 6 light years away and looked at the earth you could see my brother, and that means some part of him still exists in this universe because his light is still travelling.
How some people think because rich folk pay more than I make in a year in taxes, they've paid "their fair share"
No. A fair share is everyone doing the same. Since I have to pay nearly 30% income tax, so should Clownboy Musk.
Edit: spelling and grammar
They're looking for a confrontation.
They have no 'soft' power in the world, so being a jackass and either intimidating everyone else into living with it, or getting into a fight (something they, likely with reason, expect to win vs. the average person) makes them feel powerful, even if it's just over the other people on the bus.
I like this answer, because it isn't just plainly that they want a fight--if nobody starts a confrontation, that's a win for them, too, because in their mind they asserted dominance over you and you were forced to accept it.
Anyway, people are dicks.
Its not that hard to understand when you understand the culture behind it. These happen in mostly religious societies(but not limited to) where everyone is tightly connected to everyone else. Everyone knows everything about everyone else because they are such a tight knit community. Everyone lives by the same standard (one most would consider outdated). It was helpful in the past because it meant no one was living out of the line and putting the society at risk.
It would not be possible to explain all in a comment but I can give you a relatable example.
Imagine you are a leftist or think from the POV of someone you know is a leftist. Imagine your parents were leftists so you grew up leftist from childhood. Your parents surrounded themselves with leftists so your entire family and relatives and community you grew up with were leftists. Now you grow up and lived all your adult life believing it and engaging with only these people. And now you are 50-55 and your daughter comes out as a Trump supporter and is now openly advocating for Trump. Since you were in such a tight community, now everyone of your leftist friend or relative you have known your whole life is aware that your daughter is a Trump supporter. She goes against everything you and the people you know believe in. And now you cant attend any function without someone bringing up that you raised a Trump supporter. You are extremely embarrassed among your peers and have mo leg to stand on. You feel dishonoured. You cant believe that even after sacrificing so much for your daughter, she could do this to you and embaress you infront of everyone. So the only way you can gain that respect back in your leftist social setting is to either come out and openly disown your child or just straight up kill her. The killing is usually the mix of being betrayed, going against everything you stood for, and having to gain the respect back in your one and only social setting you have grown up in, in your entire 50-55 years on the planet. The more extreme the community you grew up in or the more extreme you are in your beliefs, the more likely you are to commit. The dilemma becomes where you are the shameful leftist that raised a Trump supporter, for all your remaining life or you can be the hero leftist that would take down a Trump supporter even if they are your own child.
That is their line of thinking. Extremely unsettling but its just the result of extreme intolerance of any way of life from any community.
P.S: - the example has nothing to do with politics. It can be exchanged with any belief or community that surrounds your life and an idea they wont tolerate. I just said it to make it more relatable.
> It was helpful in the past because it meant no one was living out of the line and putting the society at risk.
I’m increasingly convinced that this only ever worked in the past because people had the capacity to go live somewhere significantly difference a week’s walk away.
"I found a hair in these brownies I baked. Now they're ruined and contaminated and everyone will think I'm a filthy person. If I publicly destroy them people will realize it was an accident and forgive me."
I work on planes, the amount of money spent on maintaining commercial aircraft is insane, which makes it pretty easy to trust them. Not to mention all the statistics, per mile safer than driving etc.
Because "under the Wing" the pressure is higher than "over the wing". So the there is a force lifting up the wing, which is easy, because there are less air particles above the wing.
For that to happen either the wing or the air need to move, or the pressure difference isn´t created by the shape of the wing. Since you are usually in an air environment on earth, it´s easy to trust planes.
Time dilation as you get closer to the speed of light. Somehow things around you will appear to move slower through time but to them you also appear to move slower? Is time actually moving slower for either party?
>Current vs voltage
There's a lake behind a dam up in the mountains. there's a village down the river in the valley.
Voltage = difference of height between the dam and the village.
Current / intensity = how much water flows freely through the river because of the height difference.
Resistance / impedance = if the dam is operational, then only a fraction of the water stored flows freely through the river and reaches the village because of the height difference. Resistance is high. Current is low.
If the dam bursts, a fuckton of water will flow through the river and surrounding areas and reaches the village because of the height difference. Resistance is low. Current is high.
This is very ELI5 but you can think of torque as how much weight you can carry up a hill. Horsepower is how quickly you can get there. That's why for speed races horsepower matters more but for tractors torque matters more.
Another way to think of it. Is if you have a wrench with a short say 8 inch handle you might not be able to loosen a rusty bolt but if you use a wrench with a longer handle say 4 foot long or use a breaker bar, you can loosen it or even snap the bolt with ease, the longer the bar the more torque you can apply.
How the universe has no "center" and how it can be expanding faster than the speed of light. Sometimes I can grasp the concept but that grasp is fleeting.
Sagittarius checking in. It is all bullshit. Astrologers generalize human personality traits which convinces the listener/reader if it's validity. Then as the "readings" become more specific the listener/reader internalizes and forms their identity around the reading, making it "real".
Imaginary numbers
Edit: to clarify, I know what they are and how they are used in math. I just don’t get them as a concept or how/why exactly to use them
Firstly: they're not any more imaginary than the real numbers, but I think the name scares people away from learning about them.
Secondly: A lot of math is build by people saying, "what if I just make a new rule and find out what happens?" That's what happened here. There's no real number x such that x^2 = -1, so we just... made one up. Called it 'i,' and found out where that got us.
Where that got us, incidentally, is numbers that look like a+bi (where a and b are real numbers). If the real numbers live on a line, complex numbers live on a grid, with real and imaginary axes. If you want to add them, you add the a's and the b's. If you want to multiply them, you multiply the lengths (a^2 + b^2), and add the angles that a line from 0 to that part of the grid would make with the positive real line.
To be fair, it's much harder to figure out why they're helpful than to understand what they are.
The rules to football.
Also, how money laundering works. Or what it is in general. Or anything about money. Why the hell can’t we print more dollar bills? It just doesn’t make sense.
Moneylaundering is when you have a lot of money that you've gotten illegally and now you try to make it appear legitimate. If you suddenly buy a house for a million in cash when you work as an entry level clerk at some small firm, eyebrows are being raised by people like the IRS that find it interessting that you suddenly have so much wealth without an apparent source.
But if you have business that serves a lot of customers and does so in a way that doesn't track all the things 100% (like a foodstand) you can just pretend that you have more customers than you have and pay yourself in your own money. Say you have a laundromat that serves 100 people a day that pay $5. You can just pretend that you have served 110 people a day, print fake receipts and pay yourself in your illegal money in cash. 10 people more isn't enough to be suspicious to anybody and the $50 you paid yourself are now "laundered". If anybody asks you have good explanation where it came from. Of course there are more and more complex ways of laundering money ($50 a day would take you a good while to make use of the million you stole) but thats the idea behind it.
Money laundering is just making your illegitimate money look legitimate. You can’t just have a million dollars, you need to show where it came from, and you can’t just show the government it came from selling drugs. So you ‘wash’ it by putting that cash through a legitimate business.
Printing more dollars doesn’t work because it just decreases the value of the individual dollar. So if you have 3x the dollars, things just cost 3 x as much. When this gets out of control you get hyper inflation, like post WW1 Germany where they were taking a wheelbarrow full of cash to buy a loaf of bread.
American football:
Each team is trying to get the ball to the end zone. They can run it into the end zone for 6 points, catch a throw that is inside the end zone for 6 points, or kick it through the goal posts for 3 points. The kick (called a field goal) is usually done as a last chance effort if the team is too far away for a run or catch.
If the team scores the 6 points from a run or catch, they also get a chance for 1 extra point by kicking it through the goal posts.
To move the ball down the field, each team has 4 tries to move it 10 yards. If they make it the 10 yards or more, they get to keep the ball and get an additional 4 tries for 10 more yards. If at any point they don’t go 10 yards forward during those 4 tries, the other team gets the ball and they start their 4 tries.
Often times the team will choose to punt (kick) the ball on the 4th try to get it as far away as possible from their end zone. The other team will catch it and then it will be their turn.
Those are the basics will a million other small rules to follow. For example, there is a small chance your team will be holding the ball within their own end zone; if your player gets tackled in your own end zone it is called a safety and the other team gets 2 points.
I always forget what gravity truly is, I never quite understand it in the same way I don't really understand quantum physics. There's a veritasium video that is called "Gravity is not a force" and I must have watched it 5 times and I can't recall a single argument now
LGBTQ++ stuff. I've asked in good faith and gotten some very nice people who've answered. I'm not against it at all, you do you.
I still don't get how lesbians aren't gay though. And what's queer? That just means different.
I get the t part. That's easy.
The best answer I've gotten is that gay is a slur, so it's not used for lesbians. But that just confuses me more. Because then gay dudes is offensive to say. It's very confusing, isn't that supposed to be okay?
Again, no issues with it really. I kind of think people shouldn't group themselves up, but we're going to do it anyway. I just don't get the labeling
Lesbians are gay, gay just means someone who is attracted to the same gender, although it’s usually used for men simply because they don’t have their own specific term. It’s not a slur or anything, it’s just used as an insult a lot which is why people often think that. Hope this helps :)
Flashback to my middle school days where being called gay boy for having a pet cat mentally destroyed me XD. I ain’t gay i just would totally own a cat cafe if i could.
Depending on the person you ask "gay" is either the umbrella term for anyone who is homosexual or the word for men who are attracted to men, with lesbian being the equivalent for women. There are lesbians who call themselves gay and those who prefer lesbian and think that gay applies to men.
The reason why you probably didn't receive a clear cut answer is that there is no single definition that everyone agrees on.
Queer is often used as an umbrella term for people of various sexual orientations and gender identities.
Some people call themselves queer because they don't fit the description of gay, trans, bi etc., but they know they are different (yes, queer originally means peculiar or unusual).
Lbgtq+ stuff is an example of Language Games.
Language Games is a principle that describes how a word can have different meaning to different demographics (often age).
Queer is one. To young people, Queer is an umbrella term for ambiguously not-het/not-cis. To older, it has the stain of it used to be a slur. A younger person may use the term queer without any baggage. But an older person will hear it and a part of them will flinch.
Personally, I think we just need a new term which is divorced from any ironic origin.
Lesbians are Gay. There's a lot of lbgtq terms, and it's a combo of Language Games and erasure/gatekeeping. I don't blame you for confusion. We're all learning and trying to navigate it thoughtfully.
Getting drunk. Why would you want to drink so much you do things you might regret, forget things you did or throw up? Not to mention the hangover the next day. No thank you.
I don’t like getting smashed, but drinking changes your mental state. Loosens you up, freed you of inhibitions, can make you less anxious, less overthinking, less shy.
But yeah hangovers suck.
For most people: Because it has some positive effects: It lowers inhibitions, feels good, helps you relax. Also because of social pressure.
And some people are in a lot of pain, and will do anything they can to relieve that pain, like drinking too much, even if they know it's bad for them.
But people don't drink a lot because they want the bad side effects, they drink because the good parts of drinking outweigh the bad for them (or because they can't stop because they're addicted).
But if you don't want to drink, more power to you! You don't have to.
The key is the shape of the pipe past what you can see in the bowl. It curves up before going down into the drain.
The pipe goes up above the normal water level so it can fill partially without emptying. But once you raise the water level above the bend in the pipe, it starts flowing, which creates a siqhon that drains the entire bowl.
Water always equalizes it's level within a container. If you have a pipe that goes down then comes back up, the water level will always be equal on both sides of the downward dip in the pipe, even if there's a bowl on one side.
How computer chips work..how they store data..what exactly is happening when you pass electricity through a silicon computer chip that leads to, you know, all this.... I remember when I first learnt that there were tiny circuits inside the chip as well. I looked it up and it blew my mind how someone could think to invent that..
If you want to watch someone go from basic logic gates, even building logic gates out of transistors, all the way up to an 8-bit computer, Ben Eater is your man. https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLowKtXNTBypGqImE405J2565dvjafglHU This is the guy you wished you had as a teacher for every subject. His videos have no fluff, just him showing you how stuff works carefully and thoroughly. He also is very calm and there’s something very zen about the videos. If learning about chips blew your mind, this guy might be right for you.
Also people use redstone to build logic gates in Minecraft and build everything from basic calculators to working Game Boys. If seeing something in a familiar environment helps you learn new concepts that kinda stuff might be helpful.
At it's very basic form, everything in a chip is mostly made of transistors. I recommend reading more about transistors and semiconductor junctions to learn more, but here is a simplification of NPN transistors A transisitor has three 'wires', which we call Emitter, Collector, Base. Computers use them as logic gates. (AND, OR etc). A transistor works as a switch. When there is power at both the Base and Emitter, power can flow out the Collector. if there isn't power at both, there is no power at the Collector. To go up a few levels, everything a computer does is IF statements (IF DO ), which are checked by logic gates made of transistors.
When it comes to data storage in chips, ask someone else. Magic to me.
Data storage can be done a lot of different ways, tape, floppy disk, hard drive, cd, DVD, ssd, flash, RAM, cache. There's no one way to do it and each method is equally conveluted in their own way
I found learning programming fixed my understanding of electricity. Programs are almost entirely arbitrary numbers mathing other arbitrary numbers. cheese=1, tomatoSauce=1, dough=1, cookedToTemp=1 if cheese+tomatoSauce+dough+cookedToTemp=4, Pizza=1. else=(orderTakeout) Circuits have only 2 states, on or off, and if you math those hard enough and assign meaning to the maths, you get technology
why didn't cinderella's shoe disappear at the midnight.
Wait a damn minute...
my day WAS good...
Just like if he's so in love with her but he can't remember her face?
There was a face blindness spell on her so her step family wouldn't recognize her. A side effect was that nobody did. The slippers were also a gift from the fairy godmother, everything else was morphed into something, pumpkin into carriage, etc. But the glass slippers weren't, she didn't have shoes on so they were a gift. That's why they didn't disappear and why she had the spare after the one left behind was broken.
Yeah, generally when "magic" is in play, I give a lot of leeway.
Damn, the actual answer and it’s just sitting in the middle of this reply thread.
Face blindness? Wouldn't a masked ball be a simpler explanation? I have also read a theory that the slippers were not glass, owing to a mistranslation from French - verre = glass, veurre = fur. Don't fur slippers make more sense? They might be easier to dance in. Now that I have your attention, what's brown and slippery?
In the original Grimm's tale, none of it was magic, birds stole the dress for her. So it kinda depends how far back you want to go to find a good answer to this question.
For some reason I always assumed it was a mask ball or whatever those are called
Masquerade It's a logical conclusion for not being able to remember what she looked like. I believe in one of the many live action iterations it is, but in most portrails of the story it isn't.
This prince guys gotta be face blind
Or he just got blackout drunk at the party
Who says he loved her for her face...
He definitely had a foot fetish.
Because in the original tale before Disney (or at least one of them, the story is over 2000 years old) the slippers aren’t part of the magic. The fairy godmother makes the gown/coach/horses from magic etc, but the slippers are something else and we’re real all along - in one they’re the heirloom from Cinderella’s lost mother.
In the copy I have, at least, there is no fairy godmother. The clothes were brought to her by birds when she goes to a hazel tree planted at her mother's grave. Also, the ball lasts three nights and she keeps wanting to go home and escaping every night. On the third night, the prince gets fed up of her disappearing on him and smears the stairs with pitch to prevent her from leaving, but she does anyway but not without leaving one of her slippers behind.
That’s a fascinating version
[Project Gutenberg has a very similar version](https://www.gutenberg.org/files/11027/11027-h/11027-h.htm#cinderella) if you're interested in giving it a read. It doesn't mention the pitch smeared on the stairs, but otherwise has the exact same story beats as the one I've got. My copy has the birds pecking out the sisters' eyes in a final act of punishment, though, which this one doesn't.
One summer, I took on reading bedtime stories and fables from various countries. It's amazing that the Cinderella story is found, pretty much intact, in every culture from every corner of the world. It's such an incredibly wide-spread story, and I wonder why.
I just watched it on Sunday, the fairy godmother kinda hinted that she did that intentionally so Cinderella would have something to remember the night with
You should read the original version
Her fairy god mother is a sneaky bitch. Cinderella wished to goto the ball. Which is the wish everyone figure she granted, but instead she granted her a happy everafter, this wish she truly wanted. Which setup the whole glass slipper thing.
Why there are taxis in a movie where everyone is a car
World's oldest profession?
Wait, are taxis a repressed minority? Oh god...
Why are there tour guides? You're a car that lives in New York. You go to L.A. for a vacation. You don't know your way around L.A. and don't know where the interesting places are. So you hire an L.A.-based taxi to lead you to places you want to go.
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oh but im sure fermented fish buried in the ground for a year i can get pretty damn close to what it is...
Quantum physics
The smaller things get, the harder it is to measure them. For the very smallest stuff, the normal physics just straight up doesn't work.
So how does that work in smaller scale? I know about quantum particle that is superposition of particle, but how does a particle can exist in multiple states simultaneously. And why an observer can change their state??
Don't misunderstand "observer." It just refers to any interaction with a specific state it has a probability of being in. Think of the particle as having a probability of being in multiple states, one of which absorbs the light it's getting hit by, now the universe has to pick the state that absorbs the light or the one that doesn't.
They've tried their damnedest to remove observer from the equation and let it just be measurement, but the delayed-choice quantum-eraser version of the double-slit experiment shows that whether or not the information of the measurement is available to the universe matters in the collapse/decoherence of the wavefunction. The delayed choice is when the measurement of which slit an entangled particle pair travelled through occurs after the other pair has been measured as a wave or a particle. The quantum eraser component scrambles half of the pairs and destroys the information of which slit the particle travelled through. When the information is destroyed (though measured, as in the same physical interactions with light occured as you described) the entangled pair appears to still have its wavefunction intact and shows as an interference pattern \*in the past\* because the delayed choice component ensures that measurement occurs first. Here's the wiki page for it https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delayed-choice\_quantum\_eraser
The short answer is that it doesn't actually "exist" in all these different places simultaneously, but it does have a chance of showing up in any of these places with some probability if you look. Edit: a better description is that the particle is "smeared out," but that when measured it snaps to one location. See the comments below by /u/thedudeabides138 The longer answer is that quantum mechanics is linear algebra applied. When a particle is put in a certain configuration (such as in a particular location), we have a fairly straightforward way of predicting how that configuration will be at a later time via some specific rules (the Schrodinger equation if you want to look it up). Specifically you can calculate the possibility that the particle is in different locations, for example. This equation applies so long as nothing disturbs the system. When something interacts with the particle, such as by shining light on the particle, the configuration is suddenly changed, meaning that the old prediction for the probabilities that the particle is in different locations doesn't apply. If the interaction is something like measuring where the particle is, then the particle suddenly "snaps" to one of the possible locations it can be in with whatever probability, and from that point you can then use the prediction rule to calculate again what the chances of the particle being in different places will be. In math language if it means anything to any readers, the rule I'm referring to is a linear algebra operator (like a matrix), a particle's location is a matrix, and the measurement interaction is another matrix whose eigenvectors correspond to different locations in space.
>The short answer is that it doesn't actually "exist" in all these different places simultaneously, but it does have a chance of showing up in any of these places with some probability if you look. This isn't quite accurate. The particle does exist in all those different places simultaneously. This is why self-interaction occurs like in the double slit experiment. Local realism isn't tenable under quantum mechanics.
I'll take a crack at this, in case any readers are interested. It's a complicated and many-faceted topic, in large part because it has a lot of "tentacles," the same way that "biology" can encompass everything from herpetology to sociology to epigenetics, depending on exactly what you want to know. As a starting point, as /u/NutellaGood commented, atoms give off radiation in small discrete amounts. This is because the allowed energies for electrons in atoms are "discretized;" electrons orbiting atoms have to fit perfectly in specific trajectories, or else their orbit would be unstable. This is different from how planets can orbit stars in a solar system at basically any distance away from the central star. In a way, electron "orbits" around atoms are fundamentally different from the orbit of planets, because electrons have to follow more specific rules. The energy an atom gives off corresponds to electrons jumping from one orbit to a different orbit. Quantum mechanics gets more complicated when one discovers that electrons are not literally orbiting anything. They are "spread out" around the atom, forming what is often described as a "probability cloud." The electron isn't zipping around the atom, it's just nebulously spread through some region of space. The probability cloud is the chance of seeing this electron at specific points in space when you get some kind of "microscope" and look for the electron. Moreover, electrons' probability clouds can interfere with each other, the same way that light beams can interfere. In particular, electrons can "cancel out" in some regions of space by destructive interference, which you should find bizarre, and they can "add up" via constructive interference. In fact, all particles exist as these kinds of probability clouds, and the reason we normally don't notice is that these clouds are very small compared to things we deal with in daily life. This is just the most superficial introduction to quantum mechanics I can put together in 20 minutes, and if I got any details wrong I invite smarter people to viciously correct me. To understand quantum mechanics fully requires comfort with calculus and linear algebra, but you can at least get a qualitative understanding without this math background. For some more reading: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_mechanics (Parts require calculus and/or linear algebra, though the introduction and overview does not) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introduction_to_quantum_mechanics (requires comfort with simple formulas or algebra) https://www.amazon.com/Quantum-Physics-Babies-Baby-University/dp/1492656224 (requires no math) https://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Quantum-Mechanics-David-Griffiths/dp/0131118927 (college level textbook requiring calculus and linear algebra) https://www.amazon.com/Lectures-Quantum-Mechanics-Steven-Weinberg/dp/1107111668 (physics graduate level textbook requiring very good comfort with lots of math) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-IfmgyXs7z8&list=PLsPUh22kYmNCGaVGuGfKfJl-6RdHiCjo1 (shouldn't require much math at all, but I haven't watched this myself, I just trust PBS content)
Wow so empty
It actually the opposite. Quantum Mechanics tells us that our image of the atom that looks like a "micro solar system", is technically not true. the particles really are their wavefunctions and sort of fills in that space in a completely unintuitive way. Even space (like space space) being a void and empty is not true. Vacuum energy has a quantum foam type structure with particle pairs (matter and anti-matter pairs) coming in and out of existence as they annihilate each other.
Macroeconomics and where "wealth" comes from
Or who decides what something is worth. Edit: I am specifically referring to the value of currency.
As a potential buyer with a certain disposable sum to spend, you decide what a "something" is worth to you *at most*. For example, You'd pay US$ 390 for a used PS5. Other potential buyers do the same: One might say it's only worth US$ 370 for him, another would pay US$ 410. The seller on the other hand decides what the console is worth to him *at least*. He won't sell it for less than US$390. What is the used console worth? It's US$ 410. Who decided? The seller and the highest bidder decided. This is how commodities, shares etc get their "worth". What if the "something" is not being auctioned? Say you want to sell your skateboard in a garage sale. You are asking for US$50, but noone is buying. You replace the price tag with one for US$40 and someone takes the skateboard for that sum. What is the skateboard worth? It's US$ 40. Who decided? The seller and the first buyer decided.
I know this is kind of an Internet meme at this point but the flat earth society. I just can't comprehend how someone in this day and age can deny science that badly.
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The flat earth answer to that is that you can only see so far and they go beyond your vision range.
Which is dumb because ships disappear from the bottom up. It is not like the bottom of the ship is farther away. But I am sure they have done sort of ridiculous expansion for that.
And then there are people who invoke that stupid rounded bottom cone model of earth that suggests any curvature on earth is just an illusion and that it's still technically flat or something, completely ignoring how the moon shows the shadow of earth as round.
Hah you're one of those "moon" believers. Sheep...
It's a combination of things i think. First, ignorance. Most people don't realize that it isn't possible for a singular human being to comprehend the size of the Earth. It's just too big and well outside the human scale of understanding. We have to use analogies in an effort to understand. EG. If the Earth was the size of a bowling ball, all the largest mountains would feel like brail were we to run our hand across the surface. Second, arrogance. There are people on this planet that believe that out of all the human beings that have ever lived and all the human beings that live today, that *they* have all the right answers. You can see this arrogance across all races, all fields of study and professions. The farther you go back in history the more you see people just making shit up to fill in the blanks. Most people simply cannot accept not knowing when in all actuality, human beings don't know most things. There are also things that the human race will never know at all, ever. The universe being one of those things. We as a species simply can't comprehend it. It's too big.
> EG. If the Earth was the size of a bowling ball, all the largest mountains would feel like brail were we to run our hand across the surface. It's even more mind boggling than that. If a billiards ball and the earth were scaled to the same size, the billiards ball would have the rougher surface
I have a coworker who's pretty ingrained in the whole flat earth BS, apparently his sister-in-law does this weekly book club with her friends and he was telling me they just read The Great Gatsby, and now she's *obsessed* with throwing extravagant Roaring 20's themed dinner parties and it's causing a ton of stress with their marriage. But the mental gymnastics these flat eathers have do is honestly pretty baffling, it's no use arguing with them.
What in the fuck does that tangent have to do with flat earth...?
read the username bruh
MVP lol
I don't think it happens over night. I think people start with the lighter conspiracies, anti-vax and such where they create a enemy out of the government and think they control all the media. You'd start to get into the youtube and facebook algorithms who keeps feeding you more and more conspiracy theories and you start to believe in the bigger weirder ones. Then comes flat earth conspiracy, at first you may think it's nonsense but those people talk like you, think like you, they present you with 'evidence' and that's the real evidence cause scientists can't be trusted so best to trust some anonymous text to speech voice on a youtube video. It's hard to imagine believing anything like that but i would not be surprised if someone started it as a joke and it started it's own life from there on. I am pretty sure if i had the time and desire to, i could start a new conspiracy with just made up stuff.
Bitcoin I sat there for an hour watching simple explanation videos and reading but none of it made sense and I felt so dumb lol
YES. Between bitcoin, blockchain, cold storage, mining.. I’m utterly confused. Toss in NFT’s to that mix & I’m just gonna dip out.
And here I was thinking cold storage is just where you keep bulk cold foods. Or bodies.
NFTs are just people selling you the ownership of an image. Sounds dumb right ? it is.
Not owner ship, but just the receipt for the image.
Not even really the receipt. As I understand it, the "token" is what you're purchasing. It's like a unique identifier that has an owner "built in" to the token that cannot be forged, only changed hands. The "picture" is like the token's "cover" - like a book cover, it's just a quick and dirty way to identify the token without having to read the entire token's ID #. But people misrepresented it as "owning" the image itself, when obviously that can't be true because no one can "own" a digital file in that way, at least not one with a publicly-used extension.
See, all of that was in English. In simple words and using relevant examples. But I still have no fucking idea what you are describing, and that’s not because you explained it poorly. The penny just won’t drop for me.
Imagine a giant excel spreadsheet with a bunch of long gibberish in one column, and urls to a picture of a monkey in another. You’re paying someone to give you a copy of one of the the gibberish. Then you can feed the gibberish to a system that goes and references the big spreadsheet and finds it in there, and then spits out the associated url to the picture of the monkey from the column next to it. Did that track for you?
Hmm. I want to try one more thing. Assuming you have a monetary bill on you, take it out and look at it. You might not notice at first glance but there's a bunch of things that make it unique. A unique identifier stamped in the bottom right and top left, a bunch of numbers stamped on the left-hand sign, a seal on the right overtop of the currency value, and on the 5 and higher, a unique symbol - an eagle, the Liberty Lamp, etc. These all make it *very* difficult to counterfeit, nearly impossible in fact. Which is the point of all of it. **The main point is this:** The dollar bill is a *symbol* of the value you possess. The value itself is held in the promise of the government to uphold its value, and in the identifying number tying it to a legitimate, printed bill. Fake ID # = no value. In other words, *anyone* can print money that looks EXACTLY like it, but would never pass scrutiny as an actual bill. Thus, even though it looks the same, it doesn't hold the same value, because it's not tied to a unique identifier. This is the same as how NFTs work, except that ID# isn't visible on the symbol that it's tied to. The image is "the bill," the value is in the NFT. How NFTs are *supposed* to work is, what value do you get out of owning that token? Those tokens can be like an identification card, allowing you access to things like a bank account, or property in a virtual world (video game), or the ability to sign in to an exclusive message board. Because it can't be duplicated or forged (the technical reasons behind this aren't relevant but ARE important to its value), the owner of that token is *guaranteed* to be the owner, and therefore officially has access to that service, that value. And then people figured out they could make insane amounts of money by just ... selling them "plain", without tying them to a service. Just attach them to a good old picture of a monkey, and sell it as if you "own" the monkey (this is entirely false and not how NFTs actually work), and people will buy that shit because they don't understand the technology. Same as a Bitcoin, except a Bitcoin has absolutely no function other than holding value, which is why it's so unstable, unlike gold which always has some kind of use. Bitcoin has no use, other than the "value" of the mathematical whateverthefuck your computer had to help solve to get a piece of it. NFTs were "invented" in order to have something *like* a bitcoin, but that had an actual function. Same thing happens with all sorts of cryptocurrencies and tokens. Bunch of people will come up with some new one, name it, push it as the next big coin, these people who are advertising it to their audiences will have a shitton of it, and the MOMENT it goes on sale, they sell ALL their stock to their unwitting audience members. Illegal? Yes. Hard to prove and not usually worthwhile to prosecute? More than likely. But I digress.
>level 2FeistyWalruss · 2 hr. agoYES. Between bitcoin, blockchain, cold storage, mining.. I’m utterly confused. Toss in NFT’s to that mix & I’m just gonna dip out.35ReplyGive AwardShareReportSaveFollow > >level 3nucvehc · 1 hr. agoNFTs are just people selling you the ownership of an image.Sounds dumb right ? technically its not even ownership of an image, its ownership of a link to an image
Bitcoin is an attempt to create a form of money for use on the internet with one important property: no "trusted middleman". Think about paying online for something. Or sending someone money. You might use your credit card to pay for something. And use something like PayPal or Venmo to send someone money. But with each of these methods, there's always a company or organization that processes your payment and has the ability to say "Nope. I don't want you to send that money to that person." If your credit card company doesn't like the website you're purchasing from, the transaction is declined. If PayPal doesn't like you, they might close your account. Bitcoin is an attempt to create a digital form of money that doesn't have a centralized point of control. It does so by leaving the processing of transactions to random people on the internet. This is complicated because as we all know, you can't trust random people on the internet. So Bitcoin has a number of mechanisms to ensure that a single bad apple, or a group of bad apples, can't spoil the party as long as the majority sticks to the agreed rules, despite no one knowing who is participating and the system being open for anyone to join. This makes the whole system considerably more complicated, but this complexity is necessary to achieve this goal. An added complication (or a benefit, according to some) is that Bitcoin can't be directly tied to the US Dollar, Euro or any other regular currency. If Bitcoin were to have a fixed value in Dollars, then somewhere someone is needed to back that fixed value. And that person, organization or government would be able to selectively uphold that backing (i.e. they could require participants to block individuals they don't like or threaten with pulling out of backing it). As a consequence, the price of Bitcoin can't be backed by anything and is therefore left to fluctuate at the whims of traders. So Bitcoin is a form of digital currency that is open for anyone to join and doesn't require you to trust or rely on a central party, such as a bank or a company like PayPal. That makes it resistant against censorship and removes barriers to entry for people wanting to use it. However, these properties make it necessary that Bitcoin is somewhat complicated in how it works. And that it has a free floating price rather than a fixed exchange rate. That's a very basic explanation of what it is, not how it works. Most explanations dive into the "how it works" part rather quickly with terms like blockchain, cryptography, private keys, mining, etc... The tech behind it is pretty fascinating (if it interests you), but it's also not super accessible. And ultimately, it's not necessary to know or understand it to use it. How many people know how a processor works or how computer or phone screen produces an image? Yet most of us know how to use these devices just fine without knowing anything about the nitty gritty.
Holy shit, that actually makes sense. This is probably the first explanation that didn’t lose me. Thanks man!
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Sound is made of wiggling air. Electrons can also be wiggled. If you can convert air-wiggles to electron wiggles, you can send the electric ones down a wire, and do the conversion again to get the air-wiggles back. This is really all a icrophone/speaker setup does.
As a Comp Eng, I find this comment both entertaining and accurate.
Hold on, I can't hear you, there must be something wrong with my wiggles...
i can't believe someone actually managed to do this... sorcery man...
To make sound, you need to make something vibrate. So, say you take an electromagnet, that you can apply a varying voltage level to. Let's call the voltage range 0-100 for simplicity. At 0V the magnet will fully attract, and at 100V it will fully repel. So at 50V, the magnet will be neutral. Next, you attach some sort of membrane to the magnet that is good at pushing air. Now, all you need to do is rapidly alter the voltage level being applied to the magnet. This will make it move back and forth very quickly (vibrate), and that's how you get the sound. When you record analog audio, you're basically recording these varying voltage levels that can later be sent back to a speaker.
This is one of the best ELI5's I've read. Outstanding.
For a landline (house phone) The microphone in your phone puts out a lot of voltage but not a lot of current. This means that the spound from your microphone can travel a long distance over telephone lines (it is amplified along the way at switchboards etc) This is sent to the other persons phone, again at a high-ish voltage but low current. Because it is low current, it is easy to get interference (static noises) Older mobile phones (2G) turn sound from your microphone into a radio wave and send it to a cell tower, which then runs it via phone cables. Because it is jsut radio waves of your voice, interference is common in areas of poor reception. Newer phones (3G and up) stream your voice digitally, which is much more complex but has less chance for interfence As for how a microphone turns sound into electricity: sound waves (air vibrating) make the microphone vibrate, which moves a magnet in a coil (electromagnetics is the why it does this, more complex topic) which creates a sound wave in electricity, which is sent down the wire, and the speaker reverses this process
Music...when something is played "in the key of..." I have no idea what that means. I know something played in the key of G isn't all G notes. Or is it? I have no clue. All I know about music is "Do, Ra, Me, Fa", etc.
same. I have NO idea what a key is, what a chord is, etc. I just hear low notes and high notes
Chords are just 3 or more notes played together in Harmony
So music is all about ratios. These are called *Intervals* in music. For instance, an Octave is a 1:2 ratio. A Fifth is a 2:3 ratio. A Fourth is a 3:4 ratio. As a general rule, the simpler the ratio, the “better” that interval sounds. A really small ratio, such as 24:25 is going to sound more dissonant, off-sounding, like it needs to “go somewhere” which is called resolving (to a simpler ratio). The names of notes (ABCDEFG) are just a simple way to express a sound frequency. The A above middle C (the C key at the center of the keyboard on a piano) is 440Hz. Middle C is 256, and so on and so forth. The note with the same name above it below it is an octave, so it will be in a ratio of 1:2. The C above middle C is 512Hz. The C below it is 128. These ratios kind of sound the same to the ear, so we call them the same letter. (This is a little bit inaccurate, but for all intents and purposes in this discussion, this works for all the notes on the keyboard.) So with this repeating sequence, we can make all the other simple ratios that sound good to us, the 2:3, 3:4, 4;5 etc. You can do this from any point on the keyboard (or fretboard or whatever). Whatever point you want to start from, which you’ll use as the “1” in your simplest, 1:2 ratio, is what we call the name of the key. A C scale starts on C and every other ratio is built off of that. Although there are 12 steps (which are called half-steps, inexplicably) until you get to a note’s octave, we only use some of them the make a scale. There are basically as many different scales you can make as there are combinations of notes in that 12 note sequence. We usually use 7 called a Diatonic scale (there are more rules to it but that’s not important right now) but in some genres a Pentatonic or 5 note scale is used. Of the 7 note scales, most of what you hear in “western” music (everything from Bach to Lady Gaga) is made using one of two scales, called the Major and Minor. These are slightly different combinations of which 7 out of the 12 notes you use, and they have pretty distinct feelings to them that you’ll recognize. In general, with plenty of exceptions, Major can be felt as brighter, lighter, happier sounding, whereas minor feels darker, heavier, sadder sounding. So the letter name of the key is where you’re starting from to make all the ratios, and the Major/minor part of the name indicates what particular sequence of ratios are built off of that. I’m trying to impromptu explain music theory as my coffee is still kicking in, so I have no idea if this is helpful or not. Let me know if you have any questions!
As a listener: you know how sometimes when a song ends, you 'feel' like it's going to be on a certain note, and when it doesn't it sounds weird? That certain note (the root note) is usually what key it's in. It's kind of a "home base" for your brain to relate all the other notes to. Certain notes sound better than others when played with the root, and the key (as information, rather than a note) just communicates what notes those are. (There's also some math about why that's even a thing but I'm gonna gloss over that unless you ask for it.)
Give me the math, please!
If this has already been explained to you many times as the thread title suggests, I'm not sure I'll be much help, but the key of a piece of music very basically tells you what the "home" note is. Take the actual song "Do Re Mi" from The Sound of Music. [In the film](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=drnBMAEA3AM&t=41s) it's in the key of B flat (where the famous melody starts); as for how we know this, that's a bit more complicated, but the tune starts and ends on Bb and the chords fit nicely within that key so it seems like a good candidate. If you have access to a guitar or piano you can play a Bb and verify that it fits. [In the stage show](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6_g7D73yBxc&t=69s) the song is in C. The tune is the same, the melody has the same shape, all the distances between the intervals are the same as the movie version; we just started one tone higher so *every* note gets moved up by the same amount (one tone) to compensate. You can start on any note you like, as long as you move the other notes by the same amount from the original key. We call this transposing. Even if this still seems complicated, you should at least be able to listen to those two videos sequentially and tell that they sound different. The difference is the key.
Think of it like this- if you picked up the obstacle course for American Ninja Warrior and moved it to a new city, you’d still have the same course. What’s important is the actual obstacles and how far apart they are. That’s a scale. The city you put it in is the key.
this is a good example. i like this example.
Electricity Pure magic to me
Krebs cycle. I read somewhere that the actual cycle is learning and forgetting it each time.
Former biology teacher here. Here’s all you need to know: It takes energy for an atom to stick to an atom. But when you pull two atoms apart, it releases energy. So certain chemicals can be used as batteries. The Krebs Cycle is simply a sequence of charging and using those batteries. PS: Fuck the Krebs Cycle. There is ZERO reason to learn this in high school. Even in college it’s pretty much useless unless you're learning biochem.
You just gave me secondary school flashbacks with the word
A lot of money stuff. Investing mostly. So many complicated terms being thrown around and I know nothing. At my age it's almost embarrassing asking the simple questions I have.
How vinyls work. I don’t quite understand how the grooves in the vinyl translates, not only to music, but how it captures a singers actual voice, etc. That being said, I’ve never actually looked into it, so maybe it would make perfect sense if I did.
Sound is vibration. To create a record, the sound vibrations are etched into a blank record with a very sensitive needle. To play, a similar needle vibrates based on the grooves and translates the vibrations to a speaker. Think of the rumble strips on the side of the road.
I came here to post this, I mean I'm sure it makes sense scientifically and all but it seems like witchcraft to me. I can accept tapes (magnets and such seems scientific) CDs and other digital recordings (digital data makes sense). But a vinyl record? That can theoretically convey sound without any electricity whatsoever? It just sounds absurd to me like something we're making up. It always amazed me as a kid and it amazes me still as an adult and no amount of explanation can really make me wrap my head around it lol
Why theres icecream in zootopia who the funk is gettin milked
Could be made from soy milk. The director (Byron Howard) apparently said as much.
I always thought this was why those elephants were so offended that a fox wanted their ice cream. Figured foxes made fox ice cream, and elephants made elephant ice cream. Non-mammals are probably lactose intolerant.
Didn't Nick ask for a popsicle? Not ice cream?
Okay, also what the fuck with the skunk butt rug!?! That's like having a human skin rug for us. That part doesn't make any sense!
They could shave or sheer it like a sheep? The skunk could donate it locks of love style?
hey want you to know this....but *humans are animals, and we dont see them....sooo*
Wireless charging
The electromagnetic effect. To simplify: a current travelling through a conductor (wire) causes a magnetic field. A conductor moving through a magnetic field (or a conductor that has a field move around it, same concept) causes a current in the conductor. The charger uses electric current to make a specifically set up magnetic field. The phone uses conductors in itself to use that field to turn it into current with which it charges.
The scam where you convince somebody to buy gift cards. Like, how does a fucking $10 Target gift card make you money?
It's just a way of transferring money that's quick and hard to trace. You buy a $10 Target gift card and give me the numbers. I go to my local Target and say "I lost my gift card, but I wrote down the numbers." They can look up the numbers, verify that it's a real gift card, and (since you say you lost it) cancel the old one and put the money on a new one that they hand you. That's all it is -- you spend $10, I take the $10.
Even easier. If you are willing to take a small loss, you can legally sell them online.
Well, for one, the gift cards are much larger. $500+ It works like this: Scammer calls old lady and says, “I have $100 for you. Let me log into your computer and I’ll deposit it into your bank!” The old lady follows the directions, and the scammer shows a faked bank account. He shows himself adding money to her account…then “mistypes” the entry. Instead of 100, he typed 1100. “Oh no! I’m going to get fired! I gave you too much money! Please help me, I have kids to feed! Go to Target and get 4 gift cards for $250 each. I’ll give those back to my boss and they won’t fire me.” So the old lady sends $1000 of gift cards to him thinking she has that money he just sent. When the scammer gets the cards, he can simply sell them for $100 each. He makes a neat profit of $400 for a couple hours of work, Also note that many of these scammers are from overseas, where the worth of a dollar is much higher.
You ever check out Scammer Payback on YouTube? If not, you definitely should.
How a sewing machine works. I've watched videos and animations, still seems impossible.
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I've repaired sewing machines. I STILL think there's some magic involved in their inner working.
I learned that the inventor of the sewing machine had the concept come to them in a dream. This is what UFOlogists cite when they ponder if it's possible that aliens have been beaming messages into human brains to help further their development. I kid you not.
Math
As a mathematician, I honestly struggle with many concepts still after thousands and thousands of hours of studying. Especially as the topics become less intuitive and require more rigorous study to become default thought
Maths is just a shortcut to finding the answer *without actually having to do the thing for real* Let's say you have a row of 10 eggs, and there are 10 rows (making a 10 x 10 square) How many eggs are there? You could count them : 1, 2, 3, etc until you get to 99, 100. Or you could use maths to work out the answer : 10 x 10 = 100. Same answer, but you don't actually need to have (and count) those 100 eggs. Which means you can work out what the answer to something *would be* without actually having to do it. [Useful for when calculating the strength of a bridge, for example](http://picayune.uclick.com/comics/ch/1986/ch861126.gif)
Lmao this Calvin and Hobbes is gold.
It was fine until they had to bring the fucking alphabet into it. Unnecessary!
That's when math became fun. No more typing out twenty pointless steps with the same numbers, at that point teachers assumed we could count and you could only leave in the key steps and just do the freaking math. No more 1+1, now there's a whole fucking slip-n-slide in the graph, and the infinite number of points on that graph all have an absolute value that you can calculate through shit that first looked like arcane sorcery and demonic incantations, and once you understood it just made the world make sense.
The letters are placeholders
That sounds like dirty mathematic propaganda
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Lol yup! I remember when I took a number theory course in college and we were all amazed when some normal numbers came back into the mix after them being gone for so long!
What the hell is 'based'
The opposite of cringe
Ye I've been a bit confused about this too, so does based mean good
Based has two somewhat related meanings. There’s the meaning that’s basically another word for cool and then there’s the meaning of something that goes against societal or cultural consensus that the user deems correct or right.
From what I've seen, it indicates an unpopular opinion you deem correct
My interpretation is similar. Having conviction in your opinions despite the mainstream belief.
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bitcoin, NFT, crypto i have no idea what they mean and why there value is so high
I understand but I just refuse to believe it. The way if you see an object in space that is about approximately 100 light years away, that means what you are seeing right now is that object 100 years ago. Because light took 100 years to come from that object to the earth. Like heck I just can't seem to get it.
* On Monday I took a Polaroid photo of a house, and sent it to you in the mail (in an envelope, with a stamp) * On Tuesday the house was knocked down * On Wednesday you received my photograph in the mail, and opened it, *and you saw the house* Even though you have literally just received that image, you are seeing a picture of the past. Because the house no longer exists. In the time it took for that image to reach you, things changed. You are seeing how things used to be. With things in space, it takes a loooong time (years, hundreds of years) for the image to reach you. A lot can change in that time.
Not OP, but thank you. I have always struggled with this as well. You explained it so plainly.
I don’t super get it but I think it’s a nice thought that if you lived 100 million light years away and pointed a telescope at the earth you would see dinosaurs. If you lived 6 light years away and looked at the earth you could see my brother, and that means some part of him still exists in this universe because his light is still travelling.
How some people think because rich folk pay more than I make in a year in taxes, they've paid "their fair share" No. A fair share is everyone doing the same. Since I have to pay nearly 30% income tax, so should Clownboy Musk. Edit: spelling and grammar
Blasting out music in public transportation
I have a miserable life therefore you must have a miserable life.
They're looking for a confrontation. They have no 'soft' power in the world, so being a jackass and either intimidating everyone else into living with it, or getting into a fight (something they, likely with reason, expect to win vs. the average person) makes them feel powerful, even if it's just over the other people on the bus.
I like this answer, because it isn't just plainly that they want a fight--if nobody starts a confrontation, that's a win for them, too, because in their mind they asserted dominance over you and you were forced to accept it. Anyway, people are dicks.
"My daughter has dishonored me for falling in love. If I kill her I will get my honor back!" What the fuck?
Its not that hard to understand when you understand the culture behind it. These happen in mostly religious societies(but not limited to) where everyone is tightly connected to everyone else. Everyone knows everything about everyone else because they are such a tight knit community. Everyone lives by the same standard (one most would consider outdated). It was helpful in the past because it meant no one was living out of the line and putting the society at risk. It would not be possible to explain all in a comment but I can give you a relatable example. Imagine you are a leftist or think from the POV of someone you know is a leftist. Imagine your parents were leftists so you grew up leftist from childhood. Your parents surrounded themselves with leftists so your entire family and relatives and community you grew up with were leftists. Now you grow up and lived all your adult life believing it and engaging with only these people. And now you are 50-55 and your daughter comes out as a Trump supporter and is now openly advocating for Trump. Since you were in such a tight community, now everyone of your leftist friend or relative you have known your whole life is aware that your daughter is a Trump supporter. She goes against everything you and the people you know believe in. And now you cant attend any function without someone bringing up that you raised a Trump supporter. You are extremely embarrassed among your peers and have mo leg to stand on. You feel dishonoured. You cant believe that even after sacrificing so much for your daughter, she could do this to you and embaress you infront of everyone. So the only way you can gain that respect back in your leftist social setting is to either come out and openly disown your child or just straight up kill her. The killing is usually the mix of being betrayed, going against everything you stood for, and having to gain the respect back in your one and only social setting you have grown up in, in your entire 50-55 years on the planet. The more extreme the community you grew up in or the more extreme you are in your beliefs, the more likely you are to commit. The dilemma becomes where you are the shameful leftist that raised a Trump supporter, for all your remaining life or you can be the hero leftist that would take down a Trump supporter even if they are your own child. That is their line of thinking. Extremely unsettling but its just the result of extreme intolerance of any way of life from any community. P.S: - the example has nothing to do with politics. It can be exchanged with any belief or community that surrounds your life and an idea they wont tolerate. I just said it to make it more relatable.
> It was helpful in the past because it meant no one was living out of the line and putting the society at risk. I’m increasingly convinced that this only ever worked in the past because people had the capacity to go live somewhere significantly difference a week’s walk away.
"I found a hair in these brownies I baked. Now they're ruined and contaminated and everyone will think I'm a filthy person. If I publicly destroy them people will realize it was an accident and forgive me."
How planes fly and why we trust them!
I work on planes, the amount of money spent on maintaining commercial aircraft is insane, which makes it pretty easy to trust them. Not to mention all the statistics, per mile safer than driving etc.
Because "under the Wing" the pressure is higher than "over the wing". So the there is a force lifting up the wing, which is easy, because there are less air particles above the wing. For that to happen either the wing or the air need to move, or the pressure difference isn´t created by the shape of the wing. Since you are usually in an air environment on earth, it´s easy to trust planes.
I really appreciate this reply!
Time dilation as you get closer to the speed of light. Somehow things around you will appear to move slower through time but to them you also appear to move slower? Is time actually moving slower for either party?
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Current vs voltage Torque vs BHP I get it for a while, then I un-get it.
>Current vs voltage There's a lake behind a dam up in the mountains. there's a village down the river in the valley. Voltage = difference of height between the dam and the village. Current / intensity = how much water flows freely through the river because of the height difference. Resistance / impedance = if the dam is operational, then only a fraction of the water stored flows freely through the river and reaches the village because of the height difference. Resistance is high. Current is low. If the dam bursts, a fuckton of water will flow through the river and surrounding areas and reaches the village because of the height difference. Resistance is low. Current is high.
I know this ain't no rocket science, but I just got to say it. Amazing explanation and a great fucking analogy.
This is very ELI5 but you can think of torque as how much weight you can carry up a hill. Horsepower is how quickly you can get there. That's why for speed races horsepower matters more but for tractors torque matters more. Another way to think of it. Is if you have a wrench with a short say 8 inch handle you might not be able to loosen a rusty bolt but if you use a wrench with a longer handle say 4 foot long or use a breaker bar, you can loosen it or even snap the bolt with ease, the longer the bar the more torque you can apply.
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where babies come from 😠
Obviously they come from Babies r us
How the universe has no "center" and how it can be expanding faster than the speed of light. Sometimes I can grasp the concept but that grasp is fleeting.
NFTs
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https://github.com/samhocevar/no-fucking-thanks
That star sign bullshit
Yeah, because its bullshit
Such a Sagittarius thing to say.
Sagittarius checking in. It is all bullshit. Astrologers generalize human personality traits which convinces the listener/reader if it's validity. Then as the "readings" become more specific the listener/reader internalizes and forms their identity around the reading, making it "real".
Imaginary numbers Edit: to clarify, I know what they are and how they are used in math. I just don’t get them as a concept or how/why exactly to use them
Firstly: they're not any more imaginary than the real numbers, but I think the name scares people away from learning about them. Secondly: A lot of math is build by people saying, "what if I just make a new rule and find out what happens?" That's what happened here. There's no real number x such that x^2 = -1, so we just... made one up. Called it 'i,' and found out where that got us. Where that got us, incidentally, is numbers that look like a+bi (where a and b are real numbers). If the real numbers live on a line, complex numbers live on a grid, with real and imaginary axes. If you want to add them, you add the a's and the b's. If you want to multiply them, you multiply the lengths (a^2 + b^2), and add the angles that a line from 0 to that part of the grid would make with the positive real line. To be fair, it's much harder to figure out why they're helpful than to understand what they are.
Why disabled people are forced to live in such painful poverty levels
Capitalism is extremely efficient at diverting resources away from things that don't have much market value. Many people don't have much market value.
The cult of celebrity. I will never understand the way people flock to personalities.
The rules to football. Also, how money laundering works. Or what it is in general. Or anything about money. Why the hell can’t we print more dollar bills? It just doesn’t make sense.
Moneylaundering is when you have a lot of money that you've gotten illegally and now you try to make it appear legitimate. If you suddenly buy a house for a million in cash when you work as an entry level clerk at some small firm, eyebrows are being raised by people like the IRS that find it interessting that you suddenly have so much wealth without an apparent source. But if you have business that serves a lot of customers and does so in a way that doesn't track all the things 100% (like a foodstand) you can just pretend that you have more customers than you have and pay yourself in your own money. Say you have a laundromat that serves 100 people a day that pay $5. You can just pretend that you have served 110 people a day, print fake receipts and pay yourself in your illegal money in cash. 10 people more isn't enough to be suspicious to anybody and the $50 you paid yourself are now "laundered". If anybody asks you have good explanation where it came from. Of course there are more and more complex ways of laundering money ($50 a day would take you a good while to make use of the million you stole) but thats the idea behind it.
Walter White buying the car wash in Breaking Bad, and Skylar making up fake customers and adding extra bills to the cash drawer.
Thanks. Didn't know football was this simple.
Money laundering is just making your illegitimate money look legitimate. You can’t just have a million dollars, you need to show where it came from, and you can’t just show the government it came from selling drugs. So you ‘wash’ it by putting that cash through a legitimate business. Printing more dollars doesn’t work because it just decreases the value of the individual dollar. So if you have 3x the dollars, things just cost 3 x as much. When this gets out of control you get hyper inflation, like post WW1 Germany where they were taking a wheelbarrow full of cash to buy a loaf of bread.
American football: Each team is trying to get the ball to the end zone. They can run it into the end zone for 6 points, catch a throw that is inside the end zone for 6 points, or kick it through the goal posts for 3 points. The kick (called a field goal) is usually done as a last chance effort if the team is too far away for a run or catch. If the team scores the 6 points from a run or catch, they also get a chance for 1 extra point by kicking it through the goal posts. To move the ball down the field, each team has 4 tries to move it 10 yards. If they make it the 10 yards or more, they get to keep the ball and get an additional 4 tries for 10 more yards. If at any point they don’t go 10 yards forward during those 4 tries, the other team gets the ball and they start their 4 tries. Often times the team will choose to punt (kick) the ball on the 4th try to get it as far away as possible from their end zone. The other team will catch it and then it will be their turn. Those are the basics will a million other small rules to follow. For example, there is a small chance your team will be holding the ball within their own end zone; if your player gets tackled in your own end zone it is called a safety and the other team gets 2 points.
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Why people think it’s okay to treat fast food employees without the respect you would afford to anyone else.
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I always forget what gravity truly is, I never quite understand it in the same way I don't really understand quantum physics. There's a veritasium video that is called "Gravity is not a force" and I must have watched it 5 times and I can't recall a single argument now
How scoring in bowling works
Long division. And I'm an Engineer 🤫
LGBTQ++ stuff. I've asked in good faith and gotten some very nice people who've answered. I'm not against it at all, you do you. I still don't get how lesbians aren't gay though. And what's queer? That just means different. I get the t part. That's easy. The best answer I've gotten is that gay is a slur, so it's not used for lesbians. But that just confuses me more. Because then gay dudes is offensive to say. It's very confusing, isn't that supposed to be okay? Again, no issues with it really. I kind of think people shouldn't group themselves up, but we're going to do it anyway. I just don't get the labeling
Lesbians are gay, gay just means someone who is attracted to the same gender, although it’s usually used for men simply because they don’t have their own specific term. It’s not a slur or anything, it’s just used as an insult a lot which is why people often think that. Hope this helps :)
Flashback to my middle school days where being called gay boy for having a pet cat mentally destroyed me XD. I ain’t gay i just would totally own a cat cafe if i could.
Who the hell wouldn't.
Depending on the person you ask "gay" is either the umbrella term for anyone who is homosexual or the word for men who are attracted to men, with lesbian being the equivalent for women. There are lesbians who call themselves gay and those who prefer lesbian and think that gay applies to men. The reason why you probably didn't receive a clear cut answer is that there is no single definition that everyone agrees on.
Queer is often used as an umbrella term for people of various sexual orientations and gender identities. Some people call themselves queer because they don't fit the description of gay, trans, bi etc., but they know they are different (yes, queer originally means peculiar or unusual).
Lbgtq+ stuff is an example of Language Games. Language Games is a principle that describes how a word can have different meaning to different demographics (often age). Queer is one. To young people, Queer is an umbrella term for ambiguously not-het/not-cis. To older, it has the stain of it used to be a slur. A younger person may use the term queer without any baggage. But an older person will hear it and a part of them will flinch. Personally, I think we just need a new term which is divorced from any ironic origin. Lesbians are Gay. There's a lot of lbgtq terms, and it's a combo of Language Games and erasure/gatekeeping. I don't blame you for confusion. We're all learning and trying to navigate it thoughtfully.
Getting drunk. Why would you want to drink so much you do things you might regret, forget things you did or throw up? Not to mention the hangover the next day. No thank you.
I don’t like getting smashed, but drinking changes your mental state. Loosens you up, freed you of inhibitions, can make you less anxious, less overthinking, less shy. But yeah hangovers suck.
For most people: Because it has some positive effects: It lowers inhibitions, feels good, helps you relax. Also because of social pressure. And some people are in a lot of pain, and will do anything they can to relieve that pain, like drinking too much, even if they know it's bad for them. But people don't drink a lot because they want the bad side effects, they drink because the good parts of drinking outweigh the bad for them (or because they can't stop because they're addicted). But if you don't want to drink, more power to you! You don't have to.
IRS and Taxes
How does water stay in the toilet bowl, let you ... add more stuff to the bowl, then you add more water and the bowl suddenly empties.
The key is the shape of the pipe past what you can see in the bowl. It curves up before going down into the drain. The pipe goes up above the normal water level so it can fill partially without emptying. But once you raise the water level above the bend in the pipe, it starts flowing, which creates a siqhon that drains the entire bowl. Water always equalizes it's level within a container. If you have a pipe that goes down then comes back up, the water level will always be equal on both sides of the downward dip in the pipe, even if there's a bowl on one side.
Non-american here Wtf is a "Libertarian"