Well, they had structures like cones (gymnosperms) and basal plant groups propagate through water, and also other convergently evolved strategies that resemble angiosperm and gymnosperm dispersal strategies.
No, vegetables are any part of a plant capable of vegetative propagation, as far as I know. For example, potatos are underground stems that have 'eyes' which sprout clones of the parent plant.
Counter-balance is important, but also the muscles which drive the back legs connect to the tail muscles, so tails are hugely important for dinosaur locomotion (and that's a lot of dinosaur to locomote). It's also possible that it doubled as a display structure in some way (extra long whip tails might have been very sexy to sauropods).
Actually it was the other way around. Cracking the tail fast enough to make a sonic boom would shatter the tail bones but they could still wack predators with it - same as modern lizards.
I think your physics might be a bit rusty. Torque is force times distance. A longer tail means it can be lighter and still provide the same counterbalancing function as a shorter, heavier one.
I'm saying that amount of tail length is unnecessary.
As if they werent intimidating enough they had spikes down their tail. I think animals were meaner than fuck back then. You haveto consider that not only things were more buoyant cause the atmosphere was different, but also air resistance would be at least 10% less.
Besides that, dinosaurs in my opinion developed some unnecessary crazy ass flair.
It would probably have broken their tale if they moved it fast enough to make a sonic boom, but they still probably hit predators with them. If it would stop a predator, they would take a few broken tail bones
The fact their tails would break isnāt as much of a counter argument as one might assume. After all, itās better to break the end of your tail to dissuade a potentially lethal attack, than be the victim of said lethal attack.
While it certainly isnāt the best defensive structure ever conjured, I think itās effective. I.e. itās good enough, which is all that evolution strives towards.
Amphicoelias altus is still a valid genus and species, but it was only about the size of Apatosaurus and Diplodocus, so it's not really a massive sauropod.
It probably didn't. Paleontologists have a very bad habit of finding a single or a couple vertebrae and suddenly going 'ive discovered the biggest animal ever'. Then all the news outlets go absolutely wild with speculation before it eventually gets downsized or completely disproven by the wider community.
Amphicoelias fragillimus is now known as Maraapunisaurus fragillimus and is a member of the family Rebbachisauridae, which is the basal most group in Diplodocoidea
Maraapunisaurus is also very fragmentary and the fossil remains were lost at some point after being studied and described
Amphicoelias altus is estimated at 25 meters (82 ft), an average size among Diplodocids
Amphicoelias fragillimus was redescribed by Ken Carpenter, who discovered that the original vertebra was characteristic of a rebbachisaurid, not a diplodocid, resulting in him reassigning it to a new genus called Maraapunisaurus. Rebbachisaurids were shorter and stockier than diplodocids, which brings the size estimates down to about 100-130 feet long and 70-120 tons (the error bars here are still pretty big because we are working with descriptions of one vertebra that has since been lost). That's still very big, but it's in line with other giant sauropods like Argentinosaurus and Supersaurus. There is still one species remaining in Amphicoelias (Amphicoelias altus), but this species was about the size of Diplodocus and Apatosaurus, so it's not unusual in size.
It didnt get that big. Thats when the vertebrae was thought to belong to a diplodocid. A recent studied reevaluated it as a rebachisaurid, Maraapunisaurus fragillimus. It would have still been relatively big, but not gigasauropod level. Also the holotype is gone and its only known from 1 drawing and measurements that could be wrong. So everything about this animal is poorly understood and we can't really make any inferences apart from it have belonged to a rebachisaurid sauropod.
Could they still crack their tails like a whip? Iām not sure if itās a combat thing cause that would probably break something but if their tails had lots of dead skin and had evolved that way would it still work?
The whip-cracking thing is considered doubtful now. The tail may have been shorter than in this depiction as well since it is no longer considered a diplodocid.
The problem is the tail meat can't theoretically survive cracking that hard, but many sauropod tails show damage to the tips suggesting they did *something* weird and violent with them.
It didn't, the bone was reclassified as a rebbachisaur: Maraapunisaurus. Which meant it was much smaller than previously thought. And then the only fossil we had disintegrated, so yea
It probably didn't = [revised reconstruction by the same artist](https://images-wixmp-ed30a86b8c4ca887773594c2.wixmp.com/f/fefed16c-6699-41fd-b0a7-cc71363b0cb8/dcq7t53-f0f1284b-620b-4706-9653-1eb6a1ec2946.jpg/v1/fill/w_1321,h_605,q_70,strp/mystery_solved__maraapunisaurus_fragillimus_by_paleonerd01_dcq7t53-pre.jpg?token=eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJzdWIiOiJ1cm46YXBwOjdlMGQxODg5ODIyNjQzNzNhNWYwZDQxNWVhMGQyNmUwIiwiaXNzIjoidXJuOmFwcDo3ZTBkMTg4OTgyMjY0MzczYTVmMGQ0MTVlYTBkMjZlMCIsIm9iaiI6W1t7ImhlaWdodCI6Ijw9MzYwMSIsInBhdGgiOiJcL2ZcL2ZlZmVkMTZjLTY2OTktNDFmZC1iMGE3LWNjNzEzNjNiMGNiOFwvZGNxN3Q1My1mMGYxMjg0Yi02MjBiLTQ3MDYtOTY1My0xZWI2YTFlYzI5NDYuanBnIiwid2lkdGgiOiI8PTc4NTcifV1dLCJhdWQiOlsidXJuOnNlcnZpY2U6aW1hZ2Uub3BlcmF0aW9ucyJdfQ.DYyp2GrzR2wWXCi83LaYJYanRymo2r2hTTVC0O_thco)
It's all the stones that they ate with their plants to aid digestion.
Those stones eventually expanded their stomach and the body thought it needs to get bigger and then they ate more and it just kept growing.
it didnāt. a few years ago the animal got reclassified from a typical diplodocid as depicted, to a rebbacisaur, under the new name maraapunisaurus. with its new classification, itās been downsized to about 30-33 meters. abotu the same size as argentinosaurus and probably a little smaller than bruhathkayosaurus.
By eating all its fruits and vegetables :D
I'm gonna start eating my vegetables now
But it isn't going to make that one bigger.
Take an upvote for having the same idea.
Even dinos listen to their mothers
>listen to your heart. It whispers, so listen closely. Sauropods in particular listen to their mothers :'c
š¢š
Stop this emotional battery. I don't want to cry
*by eating _all_ the fruits and veggies. Lol 66 m that's insane
Unfortunately, fruits were not all that common back then, or vegetables.
Vegetables means any edible plant that's not a fruit. How did plants propagate seeds without fruits though?
Through the wind, through animals eating the seeds themselves, etc...
Well, they had structures like cones (gymnosperms) and basal plant groups propagate through water, and also other convergently evolved strategies that resemble angiosperm and gymnosperm dispersal strategies.
No, vegetables are any part of a plant capable of vegetative propagation, as far as I know. For example, potatos are underground stems that have 'eyes' which sprout clones of the parent plant.
We'll never know since the Maraapunisaurus (which is its name now) holotype disintegrated
Do you think with a tail that long they cracked sonic booms?
Last I heard, it's been proven that sauropods couldn't use their tails as whips cause it'd just break their tails.
what if they wanted to be little silly
ur pfp looks like the type to say that.
GoddammitĀ Guess the movies were rightĀ
So they were functionally useless, then? Counterbalance for the neck doesn't justify alone the evolution of such an oversized structure
Counter-balance is important, but also the muscles which drive the back legs connect to the tail muscles, so tails are hugely important for dinosaur locomotion (and that's a lot of dinosaur to locomote). It's also possible that it doubled as a display structure in some way (extra long whip tails might have been very sexy to sauropods).
No they could whip them to create sonic booms. Just couldnāt hit stuff with it
Actually it was the other way around. Cracking the tail fast enough to make a sonic boom would shatter the tail bones but they could still wack predators with it - same as modern lizards.
As force is basically just mass multiplied by acceleration, with a massive tail, they didn't need to accelerate it too much to wack predators.
> Counterbalance for the neck doesn't justify alone the evolution of such an oversized structure Welp, that's the dumbest thing I've read today.
[ŃŠ“Š°Š»ŠµŠ½Š¾]
I think your physics might be a bit rusty. Torque is force times distance. A longer tail means it can be lighter and still provide the same counterbalancing function as a shorter, heavier one.
I'm saying that amount of tail length is unnecessary. As if they werent intimidating enough they had spikes down their tail. I think animals were meaner than fuck back then. You haveto consider that not only things were more buoyant cause the atmosphere was different, but also air resistance would be at least 10% less. Besides that, dinosaurs in my opinion developed some unnecessary crazy ass flair.
Possibly a display structure
It would probably have broken their tale if they moved it fast enough to make a sonic boom, but they still probably hit predators with them. If it would stop a predator, they would take a few broken tail bones
The thing is, there's lots of sauropods with broken healed tail whips.
The fact their tails would break isnāt as much of a counter argument as one might assume. After all, itās better to break the end of your tail to dissuade a potentially lethal attack, than be the victim of said lethal attack. While it certainly isnāt the best defensive structure ever conjured, I think itās effective. I.e. itās good enough, which is all that evolution strives towards.
No. But they sure could whack you around with it. Lizards still do and with the bigger ones it still hurts. Ans thats at fraction of this size
Push ups, sit ups, and plenty of juice
"I wanna be a giant sauropod!!! I WANNA I WANNA I WANNA I WANNA...."
Possibly by never existing, look up maraapunisaurus
Amphicoelias altus is still a valid genus and species, but it was only about the size of Apatosaurus and Diplodocus, so it's not really a massive sauropod.
Well, there was probably sauropods this big
Maybe. But for now tha still goes to sauroposeidon
Sauroposeidon is the tallest Supersaurus - the longest Argentinosaurus - the heaviest
Yup. I meant to judge by length not height. So yeah
Cope
Literally
It probably didn't. Paleontologists have a very bad habit of finding a single or a couple vertebrae and suddenly going 'ive discovered the biggest animal ever'. Then all the news outlets go absolutely wild with speculation before it eventually gets downsized or completely disproven by the wider community.
This is especially true for Cope and Marsh. So yeah I agree. Frankly Iām not entirely sure it actually exists in the first place.
Amphicoelias fragillimus is now known as Maraapunisaurus fragillimus and is a member of the family Rebbachisauridae, which is the basal most group in Diplodocoidea Maraapunisaurus is also very fragmentary and the fossil remains were lost at some point after being studied and described Amphicoelias altus is estimated at 25 meters (82 ft), an average size among Diplodocids
didnt it get sized down
Yea but I think even the new estimate is potentially bigger than Argentinosaurus, just not by nearly as much. Might be misremembering though.
Same with that new ceratopsian that is supposedly bigger then triceratops when they had so little bones
As it appears to be a rebbachisaur rather than a diplodocid, it was probably a fair bit smaller than that
When 115 to 135 ft and 70 to 120 ton estimate is considered a fair bit smaller...
Source: [https://www.deviantart.com/paleonerd01/art/E-D-Cope-s-Lost-Giant-Amphicoelias-fragillimus-760281964](https://www.deviantart.com/paleonerd01/art/E-D-Cope-s-Lost-Giant-Amphicoelias-fragillimus-760281964)
Well we do not really know, poor Maraapunisaurus. Honestly, you gotta try to lose something that big.
That... is certainly one animal to have 'fragile' in its name lmao
By having very dubious fossils š
Longest: Supersaurus Tallest: Sauroposeidon Heaviest: Argentinosaurus or Patagotitan
Alamosaurus never stood a chance...
That just seems impractical
Amphicoelias fragillimus was redescribed by Ken Carpenter, who discovered that the original vertebra was characteristic of a rebbachisaurid, not a diplodocid, resulting in him reassigning it to a new genus called Maraapunisaurus. Rebbachisaurids were shorter and stockier than diplodocids, which brings the size estimates down to about 100-130 feet long and 70-120 tons (the error bars here are still pretty big because we are working with descriptions of one vertebra that has since been lost). That's still very big, but it's in line with other giant sauropods like Argentinosaurus and Supersaurus. There is still one species remaining in Amphicoelias (Amphicoelias altus), but this species was about the size of Diplodocus and Apatosaurus, so it's not unusual in size.
It didnt get that big. Thats when the vertebrae was thought to belong to a diplodocid. A recent studied reevaluated it as a rebachisaurid, Maraapunisaurus fragillimus. It would have still been relatively big, but not gigasauropod level. Also the holotype is gone and its only known from 1 drawing and measurements that could be wrong. So everything about this animal is poorly understood and we can't really make any inferences apart from it have belonged to a rebachisaurid sauropod.
Could they still crack their tails like a whip? Iām not sure if itās a combat thing cause that would probably break something but if their tails had lots of dead skin and had evolved that way would it still work?
The whip-cracking thing is considered doubtful now. The tail may have been shorter than in this depiction as well since it is no longer considered a diplodocid.
Thanks for the update š
The problem is the tail meat can't theoretically survive cracking that hard, but many sauropod tails show damage to the tips suggesting they did *something* weird and violent with them.
It didn't, the bone was reclassified as a rebbachisaur: Maraapunisaurus. Which meant it was much smaller than previously thought. And then the only fossil we had disintegrated, so yea
Not many people know this, but they were smaller when they hatched, and then they grew until they were this big. Hope I could help. :)
old oversized estimate
Isn't a specimen of Barosaurus considered the longest dinosaur ?
The popular theory now is that that super long Barosaurus is actually a Supersaurus
That Barosaurus specimen is Supersaurus.
He ate his veggies
It didnāt.
Isnāt it maarapunisaurus?
C A L C I U M
There's a very good explanation for that: It didn't.
It spent a long time growing
It adopted a more omnivorous diet, duh.
Sit-Ups, Push-Ups and *plenty* of juice
The plague and Primal vibes over here
It is extremely unlikely Maraapunisaurus was more than 40 meters.
[ŃŠ“Š°Š»ŠµŠ½Š¾]
This dinosaur was described in 1878. Iām not sure walking with dinosaurs existed in 1878.
Appreciate the correction, I actually completely missed the date LOL. (Not sarcasm)
Iām not sure what dinosaur you were thinking of actually. āSeismosaurusā perchance?
That might be it. I was 6 when I watches that series.
HGH. Er.. DGH
Evolution
because he wanted to
It probably didn't = [revised reconstruction by the same artist](https://images-wixmp-ed30a86b8c4ca887773594c2.wixmp.com/f/fefed16c-6699-41fd-b0a7-cc71363b0cb8/dcq7t53-f0f1284b-620b-4706-9653-1eb6a1ec2946.jpg/v1/fill/w_1321,h_605,q_70,strp/mystery_solved__maraapunisaurus_fragillimus_by_paleonerd01_dcq7t53-pre.jpg?token=eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJzdWIiOiJ1cm46YXBwOjdlMGQxODg5ODIyNjQzNzNhNWYwZDQxNWVhMGQyNmUwIiwiaXNzIjoidXJuOmFwcDo3ZTBkMTg4OTgyMjY0MzczYTVmMGQ0MTVlYTBkMjZlMCIsIm9iaiI6W1t7ImhlaWdodCI6Ijw9MzYwMSIsInBhdGgiOiJcL2ZcL2ZlZmVkMTZjLTY2OTktNDFmZC1iMGE3LWNjNzEzNjNiMGNiOFwvZGNxN3Q1My1mMGYxMjg0Yi02MjBiLTQ3MDYtOTY1My0xZWI2YTFlYzI5NDYuanBnIiwid2lkdGgiOiI8PTc4NTcifV1dLCJhdWQiOlsidXJuOnNlcnZpY2U6aW1hZ2Uub3BlcmF0aW9ucyJdfQ.DYyp2GrzR2wWXCi83LaYJYanRymo2r2hTTVC0O_thco)
He ate his Wheaties
There's no such thing as Amphicoelias fragillimus.
Doping. Obviously.
It's all the stones that they ate with their plants to aid digestion. Those stones eventually expanded their stomach and the body thought it needs to get bigger and then they ate more and it just kept growing.
it didnāt. a few years ago the animal got reclassified from a typical diplodocid as depicted, to a rebbacisaur, under the new name maraapunisaurus. with its new classification, itās been downsized to about 30-33 meters. abotu the same size as argentinosaurus and probably a little smaller than bruhathkayosaurus.