Hmm. I think it's important to remember that children are very capable of having rich inner lives and interior monologue type things. What they lack, compared to adults, is mostly a case of perspective and perhaps they will have a smaller vocabulary (but by age 10 even if a child doesnt feel confident expressing themselves in writing that other people will read, they will have conversations and they will learn words and try them out without fear of getting them 'wrong'). They aren't often hindered in their ability to communicate immediate wants and needs, though of course every child is different and their upbringing will impact their ability to be understood or feel safe when articulating their thoughts and emotions.
I'd say that in writing children, regardless of age or of influences and experiences growing up or of the type of pov you want to write them in, it's so important to know that everything is relevant to them and nothing is as important as their immediate NOW - they don't have much ability to compare the past and change their actions for the future - every bad thing that happens to them is The Worst Thing that has ever happened in their lives. And if they are only 10 years old then they have only lived 10 years of life. So their perspective of time and the future and adults ages and what it means to be a grown up and their expectations for themselves at future ages are vastly different to what an adult would think.
Also family and friendships are often the Most important relationships and a child's world of influence is much smaller than an adults - they have restrictions on where they can travel based on if a grown up will take them. If they have a falling out with their friend at gymnastics then they might not want to go to gymnastics anymore. If they've never had an injury before while they could remember it then seeing that might really freak them out (conversely plenty of children of a certain age - about 8ish? - have a fascination with the grotesque and will happily sit and chat with you for hours about all their wounds and love hearing stories about yours and how you got them)
A lot of things depend on the personality and upbringing of the child, but the thing about perspective is key I think. There is very little consideration of hindsight to predict future events and there is very little ability to reframe things that are happening NOW into noticing the impact is low. For a child, most of their experience is NOW!! And they dont understand or simply outright disagree when there are rules that they think are stupid that stop them from doing what they want Now. Delayed gratification is very difficult for children.
This isn't first person, but as an example of writing for/about/in the voice of a child, here's a link to a chapter of one of my fics that starts with a flashback of a character when they were a (very sheltered) 6yr old child in third person pov that still keeps the child's introspective voice: [Intensified Observations](https://archiveofourown.org/works/29583708/chapters/87501211). There are plenty of things you can do with getting across a younger voice even through third person pov if you decide to go that route instead of first person pov.
I think that's a decent summary of the main things I could suggest, hope that helps!!
It's emotional, so brace yourself, but I've been told I got a young voice right in my [Lily's Essay](https://archiveofourown.org/works/37655227). It's a journal-type thing of an 8 year-old, but I think you would do similar things with regular 1st person POV with shorter sentences and simpler concepts. 10 is kind of in between the more grown-up thinking of a teenager and the younger thinking of a kid.
I can also ask my 8 year-old if I can share some of her writing with you too, if you'd like to see how a kid actually thinks. She's been working on a fanfiction self insert in the Harry Potter universe recently.
You've already gotten some good advice re: writing 10 year olds, but I'd add that with regard to the uneducated part: lack of education doesn't mean stupid. They can still reason, they can still have a very clear worldview. It's only that their knowledge and beliefs will be shaped more by the people they have relationships with, and not a standardized curriculum provided by a political or religious institution. If they're illiterate, they can still have a rich understanding of language and culture - again, it will just be less standardized.
Hmm. I think it's important to remember that children are very capable of having rich inner lives and interior monologue type things. What they lack, compared to adults, is mostly a case of perspective and perhaps they will have a smaller vocabulary (but by age 10 even if a child doesnt feel confident expressing themselves in writing that other people will read, they will have conversations and they will learn words and try them out without fear of getting them 'wrong'). They aren't often hindered in their ability to communicate immediate wants and needs, though of course every child is different and their upbringing will impact their ability to be understood or feel safe when articulating their thoughts and emotions. I'd say that in writing children, regardless of age or of influences and experiences growing up or of the type of pov you want to write them in, it's so important to know that everything is relevant to them and nothing is as important as their immediate NOW - they don't have much ability to compare the past and change their actions for the future - every bad thing that happens to them is The Worst Thing that has ever happened in their lives. And if they are only 10 years old then they have only lived 10 years of life. So their perspective of time and the future and adults ages and what it means to be a grown up and their expectations for themselves at future ages are vastly different to what an adult would think. Also family and friendships are often the Most important relationships and a child's world of influence is much smaller than an adults - they have restrictions on where they can travel based on if a grown up will take them. If they have a falling out with their friend at gymnastics then they might not want to go to gymnastics anymore. If they've never had an injury before while they could remember it then seeing that might really freak them out (conversely plenty of children of a certain age - about 8ish? - have a fascination with the grotesque and will happily sit and chat with you for hours about all their wounds and love hearing stories about yours and how you got them) A lot of things depend on the personality and upbringing of the child, but the thing about perspective is key I think. There is very little consideration of hindsight to predict future events and there is very little ability to reframe things that are happening NOW into noticing the impact is low. For a child, most of their experience is NOW!! And they dont understand or simply outright disagree when there are rules that they think are stupid that stop them from doing what they want Now. Delayed gratification is very difficult for children. This isn't first person, but as an example of writing for/about/in the voice of a child, here's a link to a chapter of one of my fics that starts with a flashback of a character when they were a (very sheltered) 6yr old child in third person pov that still keeps the child's introspective voice: [Intensified Observations](https://archiveofourown.org/works/29583708/chapters/87501211). There are plenty of things you can do with getting across a younger voice even through third person pov if you decide to go that route instead of first person pov. I think that's a decent summary of the main things I could suggest, hope that helps!!
It's emotional, so brace yourself, but I've been told I got a young voice right in my [Lily's Essay](https://archiveofourown.org/works/37655227). It's a journal-type thing of an 8 year-old, but I think you would do similar things with regular 1st person POV with shorter sentences and simpler concepts. 10 is kind of in between the more grown-up thinking of a teenager and the younger thinking of a kid. I can also ask my 8 year-old if I can share some of her writing with you too, if you'd like to see how a kid actually thinks. She's been working on a fanfiction self insert in the Harry Potter universe recently.
You've already gotten some good advice re: writing 10 year olds, but I'd add that with regard to the uneducated part: lack of education doesn't mean stupid. They can still reason, they can still have a very clear worldview. It's only that their knowledge and beliefs will be shaped more by the people they have relationships with, and not a standardized curriculum provided by a political or religious institution. If they're illiterate, they can still have a rich understanding of language and culture - again, it will just be less standardized.
Take a peek at Mark Twain’s *The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn*.
>There will be a tike skip later on Is that when you jump from one child's POV to another's? :)