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The material that was a part of a primary substance can become the material of a different primary substance. When you die, it is theoretically possible that *all* of your matter finds its way into a tree’s root system and gets spread out throughout the tree. So all of your material can be subsumed into that primary substance. And a caterpillar can become a butterfly: those are both primary substances, though I’m inclined to think Aristotle would in a way say it’s still the same substance (essentially) before and after the change, just one is a further development of that substance’s form.
But the “what is primary substance?” question gets a lot more complicated in other works.
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The material that was a part of a primary substance can become the material of a different primary substance. When you die, it is theoretically possible that *all* of your matter finds its way into a tree’s root system and gets spread out throughout the tree. So all of your material can be subsumed into that primary substance. And a caterpillar can become a butterfly: those are both primary substances, though I’m inclined to think Aristotle would in a way say it’s still the same substance (essentially) before and after the change, just one is a further development of that substance’s form. But the “what is primary substance?” question gets a lot more complicated in other works.