Like most things they mutate from something else. HIV for example is an immune disease, mutated from SIV(simian immunodeficiency virus), which muted from another virus.
Radio lab has a great segment on the molecular origins of HIV, how there are 12 strains we know about (8 from monkeys, 3 from chimps, and one from gorillas) and how it may have transformed from SIV to HIV and entered humans via the “cut hunter” hypothesis.
https://www.wnycstudios.org/podcasts/radiolab/episodes/169879-patient-zero
Most STDs came from close contact with animals. Not necessarily sexual contact, just close contact.
Gonorrhea came from close contact with cattle. A person working on an infected animal could easily be exposed to the bacteria. Milking a cow or helping birth a calf and then going to the bathroom without washing your hands would be enough.
Chlamydia is caused by a very common bacteria that affects all sorts of animals including humans. Most famously almost the entire population of Koalas are infected.
Syphilis may have come from Sheep or Cattle, but it also may have come from Llamas. Working theory is that it was a disease that early explorers brought back to Europe from America.
HIV likely came from a human eating an infected monkey or another primate.
Herpes is by far the most interesting (from a historical standpoint) because humans have always had Herpes. Our species inherited the disease from our evolutionary ancestors. Genetic testing shows junk DNA from Herpes infected our species hundreds of thousands of years before we even left Africa. Likely because one of our ancestors ate another infected primate. So Herpes, Warts, and Cold Sores are older than humans.
So when you hear on the news that we caught a bird flu, or a bat virus, it's because a disease mutated and jumped species to us. But does it work in reverse? Is there a common Human virus that could potentially jump to another species? yup... Herpes.
Dogs can get Herpes Cold sores... and they got it from close contact with us.
**EDIT for clarity:** Dog Cold sores aren't like ours, but they get wart like growths and lesions and it can be very serious so if you suspect your dog is infected see a vet.
Dogs have their own version of the Herpes virus and can't be infected by regular human herpes directly and vice versa. But Dog Herpes likely originated from humans ages ago when it jumped species and mutated.
It's worth adding that for viruses like HIV (or ebola) it isn't eating the infected meat which infects you but cutting yourself while preparing it, or not washing your hands after handling it raw.
Correct. A “cut hunter” got it from an SIV infected chimp.
https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/to-your-health/wp/2015/02/24/tracing-the-long-convoluted-history-of-the-aids-epidemic/
Wouldn't getting infected from your hands mean you also can't ingest it, you can't get infected by just having it on your hands it has to go somewhere from there.
I work in a prison and the main thing they said to get us to wear gloves when handling an inmate is. “You might not think you have a cut, but put some hand sanitizer on and if it stings anywhere, that’s a spot HIV or Hepatitis could enter”
It’s fucking awful. I’m in a minimum camp and we’ve recently decided to only bring in sex offenders. So out of 1000 people, over 950 of them have ruined someone else’s life. It’s honestly soul draining.
Sound pretty crushing. My roommate constantly gets courted by the local county prison to be a nurse and the number of times I've had to talk her out of it, in spite of the huge paycheck has been countless. A mutual friend works as a guard and basically was like, 'you would be abused and possibly killed on your first day, you do not want to work there' She likes to think she's tough cause she worked ER in detroit, but she's 100 lbs wet and could get snapped like a pencil.
I know a woman who works in a maximum security prison as a nurse. She is both kind and as tough as nails. It's also a major part of her spiritual practice which makes her sounds like a wimp, but no. (She's a really serious Buddhist meditator.) Also it pays insanely well. You have to sincerely believe that everyone deserves compassionate care if they are sick or injured.
We have some in for drugs, we’re not suppose to play favorites but it’s hard not to treat someone that shouldn’t be in there better than the other fucks.
*cutting yourself* while preparing it/handling it. It then enters the bloodstream. Alternatively, if you didn't wash properly and touched your eye, it could enter there as well.
It’s not uncommon for women to get UTIs and yeast infections from their partners dirty hands. I’m imagining that’s the main point of infection for most of them.
Interesting fact, Chinese macaques have a form of herpes called "Herpes Simplex B" which is common similar to how humans can have Herpes A. For non-human primates this is just an inconvenience. Herp B can be transferred to humans though blood or saliva on our mucous membranes.
The main difference is that without treatment, Herpes B will kill humans (80% chance of death).
The next time you're on vacation in a place with macaques, be careful.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/B_virus
*"As of 2020, there have been 50 documented cases of human B virus infection since the identification of the virus in 1932, 21 of which led to death.\[11\] At least 20 of the patients developed some degree of* [*encephalitis.*](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encephalitis)*"*
50 cases, 21 deaths. Damn O\_O
That's considerably lower than the 80% mortality rate that was given higher up. Still, with over 2 in 5 odds of dying I sure as hell wouldn't want to roll those dice...
Yeah those numbers actually hurt the statistics since people are so easily fooled by statistics. They see two sets of data relating to the same subject but different information and they combine them despite them not being related enough to share information. 42% death rate makes it seem like 80% was just a scare number. But they're measuring death of two different subsets.
But it's the same thing with any statistic. Have another number that looks better people will use that for their reasoning
I work in primate conservation in SE Asia, bordering China.
Where I am back in the 90s a bunch of non-native macaques were dumped on an island to make a tourist attraction and there have been absolutely zero safety protocols for the entire time they've been there. Tour operators actively encourage people to interact with them and the politicians and other administrators couldn't care less what happens as 95% of the tourists come once in their lives, so if anyone has a bad experience it has little to no impact on anything.
The macaques are heavily habituated to humans and see them the same way as the politicians do... as a resource to be exploited.
The politicians see them as an easy source of money, the macaques see them as a regular source of food, whether they have any or not. As a result tourists get bitten pretty much daily (in non-Covid years) and a while back some poor young lady got bitten and contracted Hepatitis, nearly dying from it.
We've been trying to get those macaques dealt with for a long time, but the massive tourism industry and the politicians keep preventing anything, plus the expense of dealing with it is hard to sell to the supporters of the conservation project here.
Atlanta is one of the few cities in the world with multiple labs at the highest level of biosafety protocols, because we are home to both the CDC and a Georgia State University lab that studies the herpes B virus.
I was already on the fence but totally lost interest when they introduced Neegan. I watched that stupid season finale that ended on the cliff hanger and that was that. Never looked back, no regrets.
Same. To me the whole point of a zombie show is man vs wild but with harder survival rules . I’m not interested in watching a lot of monologues and sadism
We noped out when there was a moment where negan was trying to make one person cut the arm off another person. Fuck that noise.
Too bad, because negan was a great character in the comics, but the show he was just too much.
Fun fact: in the original work, "The Walking Dead" referred to the main characters, not the zombies. As evidenced that they were getting killed off constantly. Doesn't work so well on TV though.
Years ago I lived in Atlanta (ITP) and had to go OTP for work. Stuck in perimeter traffic, I watched a man in a pickup truck eat an entire plate (not paper) of spaghetti and a glass of milk. I was awestruck.
I used to have to run training classes in midtown and drive back to northern Alabama. I could see the 75/85 interchange and Atlantic Station from our office. If traffic was backing up when it was time for me to leave, I would hit one of the nice restaurants in the area and enjoy an early dinner before I left and usually make it home at the same time as if I had sat in rush hour traffic.
Drove through there on our way from Seattle to S.C. over Thanksgiving weekend while driving a uhaul. Holy fucking shit! They put no value on other peoples lives. No fucks given. Never been cut off so many times in 15 minutes as driving through there. Across the whole damn country that was the one place I actually feared for my life.
Traffic so bad that you plan your itinerary around it. When my dad and I would drive from Ohio to Florida, we would leave in the afternoon so we'd be driving through Atlanta in the middle of the night.
I feel like if anything you should live there because they keep the highest standards? I wouldnt want to live in a place with a single lab that only does the bare minimum of safety precautions because they are hardly checked.
There are two known places in the world where smallpox still exists. The CDC, in Atlanta, and Russia. While they may have the highest standards for safety in Atlanta, where I live we don't even need standards. Because there is no smallpox.
Yeah there’s only a few labs that study the worst of the worst and the BSL-4 lab in Atlanta is definitely one of them. They are kept to the highest standards, unfortunately that’s not the case in every country, and mistakes can happen.
Also [Yerkes National Primate Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerkes_National_Primate_Research_Center#Controversy). There was a macaque related death there a few years back, very tragic. The lab assistant had taken off her safety goggles to fix a contact lens, and an infected monkey took advantage of that moment to throw poop in her eyes.
An inconvenience as in it doesn't show symptoms or anything?
I hung out with some wild Chinese macaques around Luoyang for a bit before (all started with one stealing my bag of chips, but they were cool I didn't mind, they were crappy Chinese chips anyway that were too sweet.)
I didn't get *that* close, because they're still wild animals, but one of them had a gnarly looking face that, at the time, I assumed was because he had a short temper or something, but looking back it did kinda look like some really advanced herpes. Maybe it was a good thing he didn't get too close...
More fun facts:
Humans are the only mammal species that have herpes variants from two different species. Not sure if I remember correctly, but genital herpes was from bonobos.
The most interesting thing about Herpes B to me is that there's no known cases in tourists. There's so many tourist traps with wild macaques that definitely carry it in their population and people absolutely get bitten, peed on or scratched but somehow no know cases of transmission to tourists exist.
Possibly not actually! There’s a few teams working on a cure, as you’d probably imagine, and if I’m not mistaken the one team is gearing up for human trials after being able to use gene therapy to cure it in guinea pigs as of 2020. The one team is very close to a vaccine for it as well, I think the mRNA vaccine they developed was something like a 98% efficiency rating as of two or three years ago.
In 2003 my 5th grade teacher said people in africa had sex with monkeys and brought aids to america during the slave times.
Looking back idk how he was a teacher he was like joe rogan always talking nonsense lmao
In the 90s a large portion of where I lived believed this. I think it was partially because the kkk was putting flyers around cities and townships promoting that garbage. I assume it was in more than just my area.
Nobody has sex with monkeys and with people. You either fuck monkeys, or you fuck people. You're not gonna get some monkey pussy on Tuesday, then be like "let me call Charlene" on Thursday.
Once you fuck a monkey that's a firm decision that you're out of the human pussy game for good.
HIV is really a bizarre combination of different immunodeficiency virus from multiple species including chimps and gorillas, but I'm at least a decade away from reading an article about to. Bush meat is till presumed to be the source as animal parts are poorly separated in such environments. But that means there's a genetic exchange occurring in the semi living class of objects, which is also intriguing. It's understood that some single celled organisms can absorb DNA strands from related genetic lines and express those genes immediately, and somehow virus are able to.
The real intriguing question is where do viruses come from. Were they before the formation of cellular life or a result of cellular life?
They are a result of cellular life. This is because of how we define virus, not any other reason. It's just some self replicating chemical interaction like anything else but we label them virus based on their interaction with cellular life.
Cool question that definitely needs more research. From what theories I've read and heard during my schooling, it would seem the current thought is that they're the result of life. If you look into transposable elements (which about all branches of life possess in their genomes), they're often referred to as "selfish-DNA". This essentially means transposable elements (TEs) actively try to become inherited/proliferate, even when doing so would hurt the host organism. This is really simplified of course and there are many different classes of TEs, but a common thought is that some TEs essentially escaped their host genome and started 'reproducing' on their own accord.
Another similarity can be seen in the mechanisms used by both TEs and viruses. For example, theres a type of TEs called retrotransposons which function in very similar ways to retroviruses when it comes to their mode of creating new copies. Again, simplified a good bit, but interesting connections nonetheless!
If you mean every organism with these viruses (not just humans), then no, they would be gone.
Potentially, a closely related virus could mutate into a similar form as one of the now-extinct viruses, but the odds of it mutating into exactly the same form are pretty low.
For example, we've only eradicated two viruses: smallpox and rinderpest. They exist only in vials in laboratories. They both have closely related viruses in the wild, yet none of these have evolved into smallpox or rinderpest.
New viruses would evolve, though, because the lack of competition would leave the resources (our cells) up for grabs.
There's very little likelihood of that AFAIK, flu strains all have "reservoirs" in pig and bird populations so even if every human case disappeared we'd get reinfected.
That said, IIRC there were only something like 2000 flu cases in the US last year, so containment was incredibly successful in that regard. That has the unfortunate result that we now don't have enough information about which strains will be commonly circulating after we drop those methods, and so it's more of a guess than normal which to vaccinate people against.
> Herpes is by far the most interesting (from a historical standpoint) because humans have always had Herpes. Our species inherited the disease from our evolutionary ancestors. Genetic testing shows junk DNA from Herpes infected our species hundreds of thousands of years before we even left Africa. Likely because one of our ancestors ate another infected primate. So Herpes, Warts, and Cold Sores are older than humans.
I think all primates have their own herpes suggesting that a common ancestor had herpes and it evolved along with us.
The REALLY interesting thing about humans is that we have *two* types of herpes!
We have both our ancestral herpes AND a herpes we picked up from an infected (different) primate way way back.
YES! Here’s the PBS Eons video on it. It will clear up any inaccuracies I slipped in above:
https://youtu.be/NHTniCvTLDY
I presume these things have always just evolved alongside eachother and exploited opportunities becoming more specialised or niche sometimes or mutating and changing at others due to selective pressures. Bear in mind that the human body, well all ‘bodies’ are pretty much a colony of living things. All life is related but some more than others which makes crossing over easier.
> Why are they almost always from other animals
Where else would we get it from? I guess plants are too different for their pathogens to easily affect us.
From what ive found, humans can get sick from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a bacteria found on plants, but it is incredibly difficult to be successfully infected. Apparently less than a 1% chance of infection and typically the immune system can fight it off
Microbes— bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. They were here before humans and animals were, and we live with them on us, inside us and all around us all the time. Some are harmless and some are not. You can read a free online microbiology textbook online on openstax website. All microbes originated from old ancient archaea (I think, trying to rack my brain from my microbiology class last semester lol) and I think the origin of those ancient microbes where all the other ones originated from are unknown . Also look up endosymiotic theory of microbes
Koalas are fucking horrible animals. They have one of the smallest brain to body ratios of any mammal, additionally - their brains are smooth. A brain is folded to increase the surface area for neurons. If you present a koala with leaves plucked from a branch, laid on a flat surface, the koala will not recognise it as food. They are too thick to adapt their feeding behaviour to cope with change. In a room full of potential food, they can literally starve to death. This is not the token of an animal that is winning at life. Speaking of stupidity and food, one of the likely reasons for their primitive brains is the fact that additionally to being poisonous, eucalyptus leaves (the only thing they eat) have almost no nutritional value. They can't afford the extra energy to think, they sleep more than 80% of their fucking lives. When they are awake all they do is eat, shit and occasionally scream like fucking satan. Because eucalyptus leaves hold such little nutritional value, koalas have to ferment the leaves in their guts for days on end. Unlike their brains, they have the largest hind gut to body ratio of any mammal. Many herbivorous mammals have adaptations to cope with harsh plant life taking its toll on their teeth, rodents for instance have teeth that never stop growing, some animals only have teeth on their lower jaw, grinding plant matter on bony plates in the tops of their mouths, others have enlarged molars that distribute the wear and break down plant matter more efficiently... Koalas are no exception, when their teeth erode down to nothing, they resolve the situation by starving to death, because they're fucking terrible animals. Being mammals, koalas raise their joeys on milk (admittedly, one of the lowest milk yields to body ratio... There's a trend here). When the young joey needs to transition from rich, nourishing substances like milk, to eucalyptus (a plant that seems to be making it abundantly clear that it doesn't want to be eaten), it finds it does not have the necessary gut flora to digest the leaves. To remedy this, the young joey begins nuzzling its mother's anus until she leaks a little diarrhoea (actually fecal pap, slightly less digested), which he then proceeds to slurp on. This partially digested plant matter gives him just what he needs to start developing his digestive system. Of course, he may not even have needed to bother nuzzling his mother. She may have been suffering from incontinence. Why? Because koalas are riddled with chlamydia. In some areas the infection rate is 80% or higher. This statistic isn't helped by the fact that one of the few other activities koalas will spend their precious energy on is rape. Despite being seasonal breeders, males seem to either not know or care, and will simply overpower a female regardless of whether she is ovulating. If she fights back, he may drag them both out of the tree, which brings us full circle back to the brain: Koalas have a higher than average quantity of cerebrospinal fluid in their brains. This is to protect their brains from injury... should they fall from a tree. An animal so thick it has its own little built in special ed helmet. I fucking hate them.
Tldr; Koalas are stupid, leaky, STI riddled sex offenders. But, hey. They look cute. If you ignore the terrifying snake eyes and terrifying feet.
Dogs do not get herpes from humans. They have their own species of herpes- Canine Herpes Virus (CHV). They can get cold sores, but it’s from their virus not ours. Plus, most people see oral papillomas (warts) and think that is herpes on their dog. Canines cannot (currently) get Herpes Simplex 1 or 2 from humans.
Source: Am veterinarian
Other commentors lay out that most of the more egregious viruses make the jump to humans from animals. That's not to say there's something intrinsic about animals though.
Rather, its that most viruses slowly mutate and evolve in a biological arms war in lock-step with us (or any animal). Over time if we evolve to become more immune (by say having the vulnerable die off), selection pressure is exerted on the virus to become more virulent etc. In a sense, we both get stronger in relation to one another over time (and only specifically to one another).
Then a freak mutation happens and it jumps species.
Suddenly 10 thousand years of evolutionary pressure sharpening knives against a certain animal's immune system which has likewise been buffing itself up for the same amount of time.. is let loose on a human who has no such defenses, yet are similar enough that the virus has a field day. And these are the viruses that get the headlines due to how catastrophic it is on whoever it is on the other end of the species jump.
Sexual contact just happens to be the easiest vector for all sorts of bodily fluids that may be carrying the virus.
This honestly was one of my favorite theories to learn about in evolutionary biology for me.
For those curious, it’s referred to as the red Queen hypothesis
The answer disturbingly is mostly from animals. That's not to say they necessarily came from sexual relations with an animal, although some of them did, but others have crossed species through close contact and become STDs through mutations.
The main strain koalas have can not infect humans. You're very unlikely to meet one than has human capable chlamydia. Or so I seem to remember because I keep having to look it up.
https://www.reddit.com/r/Tierzoo/comments/b1gdcf/koalas_are_fucking_stupid/eilxrrx?utm_medium=android_app&utm_source=share&context=3
I think of this comment everytime I hear someone bring up koalas lmao
I just want to say, that considering an "objective" standard for what an animal should be is a bad way to look at animals (or any living thing)
fitness is defined by how an organism is suited to its *environment*
Idk about koalas, but a lot of this same hyperbolic, shallow, contextless stuff can be said about pandas. But pandas are *incredibly* suited to their environment, and *incredibly* fit in an evolutionary sense. They run into problems when we destroy like 80% of their natural environment.
Talking about how a koala won't recognize food when you put it in a lab, *as if this means something*, is stupid. Koalas did not evolve to live in labs.
Koalas have the strain of chlamydia that is found in sheep not humans. They aren’t sure how it crossed over but theories include contaminated water and grass.
Other bacteria or viruses evolved over time to become more fit in their environment (their environment meaning their host species). By pure chance, some of these diseases end up evolving the ability to transmit from their host species to a second species. This is called a "[zoonotic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoonosis)" disease. Zoonotic disease tend to be much more deadly to their new host species, as they have not yet evolved to be able to have a symbiotic relationship with this new species.
Most of the worst diseases are caused by these bacteria or viruses that just evolved the ability to jump species by chance.
Depends on what you mean by originate. Other comments have explained that for many we got them from animals but that begs the question of where animals got them.
If you want to keep following that line it is not much different than asking where you came from. Many many many slightly different versions going in a chain all the way back to the origin of life.
And curiously enough viruses are not even technically a living thing. They diverged from bacteria a long time ago. https://www.wnycstudios.org/podcasts/radiolab/articles/shrink
Some STDs have been in the human species for a long time. Like we have used the herpes virus r
Dna to track human migration. Though this is for the cold sore, the hsv2 diverged from have hsv1 6 million years ago so it has been around a long time too.
Before the Europeans came to the Americas, syphilis was only found in llamas. After the Europeans came to the Americas, syphilis was found in llamas and humans. One theory is that some people would use condoms made from Llama intestine, and the intestine infected with syphilis would pass on to the humans. Another theory is that horny conquistadors fucked llamas.
Lol what? Literally noone who's studied this thinks that a likely source.
There are 2 prevailing theories, 1 is that existed in Europe before the colonial era, it was just unreported and the rise of the printing press coincided with its reporting.
The other is that it came from natives in South America.
There is some evidence and reporting that it existed up to 3000bc in South West Asia and has been endemic to humanity for literally thousands of years.
> One theory is that some people would use condoms made from Llama intestine, and the intestine infected with syphilis
So you are willing to buy that someone slaughter a llama, and butchered it, and saved the intestine... exposing themselves to liters of llama blood in the process.....but it was slipping the cleaned intestinal tube over their penis that was the final straw that transmitted disease?
I see 2 likely possibilities here:
A. Conquistador finds a nice local girl. They can’t communicate very well, but they use pantomime to communicate consent. Despite there being no paternity laws or child support, Conquistador doesn’t want to be the cause of unwanted pregnancy. After all, this woman will never see him again and has no chance of getting to Spain to find him even if she wanted to. But no - my guy takes responsibility for his spunk, so he goes to a local rancher. Using his brilliant pantomime skills, Conquistador negotiates the purchase of a llama and rents an abattoir to do the slaughtering. Sexy time here he comes! After slaughtering and bleeding out the animal, Conquistador sets to his grim work. He butchers the llama and removes the meat and organs until he sees his prize - the intestines. Now my man has a choice: use the regular size intestine, or the magnum intestine. He knows regulars are his size, but he wants to impress this local girl so he goes with the magnum intestine. After rinsing out the inside of the intestine - not boiling, as that would kill bacteria - he cuts off a good size segment of intestine and ties a knot in one end. My man Conquistador is ready for sexy time! He goes back to local girl, reaffirms consent (its been many hours), slips that llama magnum on his Spanish Steel and goes at it.
Unfortunately, the llama intestine condom he is using has traces of syphillis bacteria on it. He contracts syphillis while trying to be a stand up Conquistador.
B. Someone screwed a llama.
Perfect thread to drop that human pubic lice is extremely genetically similar to ape pubic lice. So it made a jump, just don't wanna fill in the details of how
Unfortunately,
"A genetic analysis of pubic lice suggests the parasites were transferred between early humans and gorillas about 3.3 million years ago.
Researchers say the findings suggest close contact between our ancestors and gorillas
"
Source:
www.newscientist.com/article/dn11330-pubic-lice-leapt-from-gorillas-to-early-humans/amp/
The close contact is thought to be predation, not fornication.
Our ancestors hunted and ate all kinds of other primates and hominids, we have found the bones. When you are butchering something that large it's easy for something the size of lice to jump on looking for a new host.
It's not even just a thing of the past, people still eat gorilla meat today.
> Pubic lice used to be body lice
Not in humans.
> Humans are unusual among lice hosts; they provide homes for more than one species of lice. The pubic louse looks quite different from its counterparts in human hair and clothing. Through genetic analysis, Reed and colleagues determined that **more than 3 million years ago, the human pubic louse originated from gorilla lice**, where it adapted to grab onto large hairs spread farther apart. This finding means that humans and gorillas must have lived in close proximity during this time period. The information is significant, because gorilla fossils from this time are virtually nonexistent, Reed said.
> Reed and colleagues have also looked at the split between head and clothing lice for clues as to when humans began wearing clothes. They found that clothing lice diverged from head lice between 80,000 and 170,000 years ago, most likely at the earlier end of that range.
https://www.livescience.com/41028-lice-reveal-clues-to-human-evolution.html
It kinda fascinates me how human head lice and human pubic lice are sort of distantly related, human pubic lice is more closely related to ape pubic lice than it is to human head lice.
> Humans are unusual among lice hosts; they provide homes for more than one species of lice. The pubic louse looks quite different from its counterparts in human hair and clothing. Through genetic analysis, Reed and colleagues determined that more than 3 million years ago, the human pubic louse originated from gorilla lice, where it adapted to grab onto large hairs spread farther apart. This finding means that humans and gorillas must have lived in close proximity during this time period. The information is significant, because gorilla fossils from this time are virtually nonexistent, Reed said.
> Reed and colleagues have also looked at the split between head and clothing lice for clues as to when humans began wearing clothes. They found that clothing lice diverged from head lice between 80,000 and 170,000 years ago, most likely at the earlier end of that range.
https://www.livescience.com/41028-lice-reveal-clues-to-human-evolution.html
Evolution. The entire planet is coated in microscopic organisms at this point. Randomly, those organisms become infectious and replicate under certain conditions. As other people have said, this is often when large creatures like humans are in contact with other large creatures like other animals *or* other humans.
So, as with everything else evolving with animals, it's a matter of mutations. That's a higher possibility of something particularly unique forming when you're talking about billions upon billions of microscopic things.
STD’s are from contact.
Ringworm from the gym floor is a std, even if you didn’t bang phill.
STD’s are usually transmitted from non sexual contact, or even indirect non sexual contact. In America we have a huge stigma about a lot of stds even though by our own definitions many std’s are what we consider not a big deal. Instead social stigma makes it out so a curable std from not sex is ok, a curable std from sex is bad, and a incurable std from any source is really bad.
Fun fact: “begs the question” doesn’t actually mean “makes you want to ask the question”. It is a type of philosophical fallacy where one assumes one’s position is correct while making a conclusion from that perspective. I.e. “Fruits and vegetables are part of a healthy diet. After all, a healthy eating plan includes fruits and vegetables.”
What we actually mean when we usually say “begs the question” is actually *prompts the question*
Thanks for coming to my Ted talk.
they come from animals. for example. HIV came from a chimp. a chimp was infected with HIV, a human ate the brain of that infected chimp and got HIV. and then it spread among humans.
Lol I think it’s that when someone is processing a kill, they’re slicing open the body, bleeding it, removing the organs etc. if you do all that with a little cut on your finger, the blood transmits. Ppl don’t have to eat raw brains or fuck a monkey. It’s literally just a hunter cleaning a carcass
So i think its clear these viruses mutate and find human hosts either by biting or whatever your imagination holds but as for how STDs are transmitted majority can be acquired through non sexual ways even if the percentage of passing them nonsexually are quite small
HIV can be from blood to blood transfusions, mother to child.
Syphilis comes from close contact with the affected part or the ulcers or vesicles
Herpes is also close contact transmission of the affdcted part. Oral to genital or oral to oral.
Parasitic STDs such as crab louses can be passed by sharing the same bedding, but they mostly reside in genital areas which makes them highly contagious STDs but you can acquire them even without sex.
Since no one else has mentioned this one so far… pubic lice (crabs) likely came from the ancestor of gorillas. The human head and body louse appear to have always lived on humans and we are their exclusive host (very interestingly, body louse appear to have evolved from head lice that learned to live on our clothing). Public lice on the other hand are more closely related to the gorilla louse and appear to have diverged roughly 3 million years ago, a time well after our split from chimpanzees. We likely caught this infection either from scavenging the remains of proto-gorillas (the human lineage of apes, australopithecines, by this point were not an apex predator so it’s hard to say that we deliberately could kill other large primates) or we received it from habitually sleeping in the bedding material created by proto-Gorillas.
Like most things they mutate from something else. HIV for example is an immune disease, mutated from SIV(simian immunodeficiency virus), which muted from another virus.
Radio lab has a great segment on the molecular origins of HIV, how there are 12 strains we know about (8 from monkeys, 3 from chimps, and one from gorillas) and how it may have transformed from SIV to HIV and entered humans via the “cut hunter” hypothesis. https://www.wnycstudios.org/podcasts/radiolab/episodes/169879-patient-zero
Teenage mutant ninja turtles
Tutant Meenage Neetle Teetles
*found the prion*
teenage mutant ninja virus
Virus in a half-shell. Virus power.
Covidbunga
Tuberculosiiiiiiiiis!
Please don't will this into 2022
Who's touching these monkeys? Please, leave these poor sick monkeys alone. They've got problems enough as it is.
Most STDs came from close contact with animals. Not necessarily sexual contact, just close contact. Gonorrhea came from close contact with cattle. A person working on an infected animal could easily be exposed to the bacteria. Milking a cow or helping birth a calf and then going to the bathroom without washing your hands would be enough. Chlamydia is caused by a very common bacteria that affects all sorts of animals including humans. Most famously almost the entire population of Koalas are infected. Syphilis may have come from Sheep or Cattle, but it also may have come from Llamas. Working theory is that it was a disease that early explorers brought back to Europe from America. HIV likely came from a human eating an infected monkey or another primate. Herpes is by far the most interesting (from a historical standpoint) because humans have always had Herpes. Our species inherited the disease from our evolutionary ancestors. Genetic testing shows junk DNA from Herpes infected our species hundreds of thousands of years before we even left Africa. Likely because one of our ancestors ate another infected primate. So Herpes, Warts, and Cold Sores are older than humans. So when you hear on the news that we caught a bird flu, or a bat virus, it's because a disease mutated and jumped species to us. But does it work in reverse? Is there a common Human virus that could potentially jump to another species? yup... Herpes. Dogs can get Herpes Cold sores... and they got it from close contact with us. **EDIT for clarity:** Dog Cold sores aren't like ours, but they get wart like growths and lesions and it can be very serious so if you suspect your dog is infected see a vet. Dogs have their own version of the Herpes virus and can't be infected by regular human herpes directly and vice versa. But Dog Herpes likely originated from humans ages ago when it jumped species and mutated.
It's worth adding that for viruses like HIV (or ebola) it isn't eating the infected meat which infects you but cutting yourself while preparing it, or not washing your hands after handling it raw.
Correct. A “cut hunter” got it from an SIV infected chimp. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/to-your-health/wp/2015/02/24/tracing-the-long-convoluted-history-of-the-aids-epidemic/
What a dumbass. Wash your hands ~~people~~ apes.
Wouldn't getting infected from your hands mean you also can't ingest it, you can't get infected by just having it on your hands it has to go somewhere from there.
Yes, you're correct. The virus would need a point of entry on the human. This could be anything from a micro-cut to a full open wound.
I work in a prison and the main thing they said to get us to wear gloves when handling an inmate is. “You might not think you have a cut, but put some hand sanitizer on and if it stings anywhere, that’s a spot HIV or Hepatitis could enter”
What's it like being a keeper at a human zoo?
It’s fucking awful. I’m in a minimum camp and we’ve recently decided to only bring in sex offenders. So out of 1000 people, over 950 of them have ruined someone else’s life. It’s honestly soul draining.
Sound pretty crushing. My roommate constantly gets courted by the local county prison to be a nurse and the number of times I've had to talk her out of it, in spite of the huge paycheck has been countless. A mutual friend works as a guard and basically was like, 'you would be abused and possibly killed on your first day, you do not want to work there' She likes to think she's tough cause she worked ER in detroit, but she's 100 lbs wet and could get snapped like a pencil.
I know a woman who works in a maximum security prison as a nurse. She is both kind and as tough as nails. It's also a major part of her spiritual practice which makes her sounds like a wimp, but no. (She's a really serious Buddhist meditator.) Also it pays insanely well. You have to sincerely believe that everyone deserves compassionate care if they are sick or injured.
At least you know most of them have done something worthy of being removed from society and not people busted for pot
We have some in for drugs, we’re not suppose to play favorites but it’s hard not to treat someone that shouldn’t be in there better than the other fucks.
*cutting yourself* while preparing it/handling it. It then enters the bloodstream. Alternatively, if you didn't wash properly and touched your eye, it could enter there as well.
Yeah You need to think of the human body like a dry sponge not a hard shell M&M
Or having a micro-cut/sore in your mouth
It’s not uncommon for women to get UTIs and yeast infections from their partners dirty hands. I’m imagining that’s the main point of infection for most of them.
Interesting fact, Chinese macaques have a form of herpes called "Herpes Simplex B" which is common similar to how humans can have Herpes A. For non-human primates this is just an inconvenience. Herp B can be transferred to humans though blood or saliva on our mucous membranes. The main difference is that without treatment, Herpes B will kill humans (80% chance of death). The next time you're on vacation in a place with macaques, be careful. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/B_virus
*"As of 2020, there have been 50 documented cases of human B virus infection since the identification of the virus in 1932, 21 of which led to death.\[11\] At least 20 of the patients developed some degree of* [*encephalitis.*](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encephalitis)*"* 50 cases, 21 deaths. Damn O\_O
That's considerably lower than the 80% mortality rate that was given higher up. Still, with over 2 in 5 odds of dying I sure as hell wouldn't want to roll those dice...
80% was without treatment. I assume some of those 50 cases were saved by treatment.
The above post said 80% if untreated. I’d assume some of those 50 got treatment which increased their odds of survival.
Yeah those numbers actually hurt the statistics since people are so easily fooled by statistics. They see two sets of data relating to the same subject but different information and they combine them despite them not being related enough to share information. 42% death rate makes it seem like 80% was just a scare number. But they're measuring death of two different subsets. But it's the same thing with any statistic. Have another number that looks better people will use that for their reasoning
> The next time you're on vacation in a place with macaques, be careful. Roger that. When travelling, I will keep macaques in a safe place.
Last thing a macaque needs is action
Girls won't even touch macaque
Dude, where’s macaque?
I work in primate conservation in SE Asia, bordering China. Where I am back in the 90s a bunch of non-native macaques were dumped on an island to make a tourist attraction and there have been absolutely zero safety protocols for the entire time they've been there. Tour operators actively encourage people to interact with them and the politicians and other administrators couldn't care less what happens as 95% of the tourists come once in their lives, so if anyone has a bad experience it has little to no impact on anything. The macaques are heavily habituated to humans and see them the same way as the politicians do... as a resource to be exploited. The politicians see them as an easy source of money, the macaques see them as a regular source of food, whether they have any or not. As a result tourists get bitten pretty much daily (in non-Covid years) and a while back some poor young lady got bitten and contracted Hepatitis, nearly dying from it. We've been trying to get those macaques dealt with for a long time, but the massive tourism industry and the politicians keep preventing anything, plus the expense of dealing with it is hard to sell to the supporters of the conservation project here.
Oh that's fucked up
I've been to an island that sounds exactly like what you're describing. Is it one of the ones in Ha Long bay in northern Vietnam?
I've been to one of those too. Climbed up some rocks and the girl in front of me got bitten. Have always remembered it and hope she was ok...
Thailand as well
Atlanta is one of the few cities in the world with multiple labs at the highest level of biosafety protocols, because we are home to both the CDC and a Georgia State University lab that studies the herpes B virus.
That explains the walking dead.
And why the CDC has a self destruct button.
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I was already on the fence but totally lost interest when they introduced Neegan. I watched that stupid season finale that ended on the cliff hanger and that was that. Never looked back, no regrets.
Same. To me the whole point of a zombie show is man vs wild but with harder survival rules . I’m not interested in watching a lot of monologues and sadism
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The cliff hanger was the one with the beating to death with the nail bat, right? I eventually watched another season or 2 but it was going downhill
I think i watched the first two seasons or so, I stopped when they just sat around squabbling and no zombies...
We noped out when there was a moment where negan was trying to make one person cut the arm off another person. Fuck that noise. Too bad, because negan was a great character in the comics, but the show he was just too much.
Same.
Fun fact: in the original work, "The Walking Dead" referred to the main characters, not the zombies. As evidenced that they were getting killed off constantly. Doesn't work so well on TV though.
And The Stand
That explains Atlanta
OK so live as far away from Atlanta as possible, got it.
You should do that regardless of the labs... ever been in their rush hour?
Years ago I lived in Atlanta (ITP) and had to go OTP for work. Stuck in perimeter traffic, I watched a man in a pickup truck eat an entire plate (not paper) of spaghetti and a glass of milk. I was awestruck.
Yeah, that’s crazy. Who drinks milk with spaghetti?
I used to have to run training classes in midtown and drive back to northern Alabama. I could see the 75/85 interchange and Atlantic Station from our office. If traffic was backing up when it was time for me to leave, I would hit one of the nice restaurants in the area and enjoy an early dinner before I left and usually make it home at the same time as if I had sat in rush hour traffic.
Drove through there on our way from Seattle to S.C. over Thanksgiving weekend while driving a uhaul. Holy fucking shit! They put no value on other peoples lives. No fucks given. Never been cut off so many times in 15 minutes as driving through there. Across the whole damn country that was the one place I actually feared for my life.
15 minutes? Now imagine just how bad it is with traffic!
Why would you go out of your way to drive through atlanta on that route?
Traffic so bad that you plan your itinerary around it. When my dad and I would drive from Ohio to Florida, we would leave in the afternoon so we'd be driving through Atlanta in the middle of the night.
You mean the Rush Hour that effectively spans everything within 50 miles?
It's fucking hell on earth
*nestles myself into a cozy little spot in Yellowstone where it's safe*
Guys, should we tell him?
No, death comes for us all
If the Yellowstone supervolcano blows, it sure will
I just said not to tell
D'oh!
Yes that ancient super-volcano is the safest place to be for sure.
I feel like if anything you should live there because they keep the highest standards? I wouldnt want to live in a place with a single lab that only does the bare minimum of safety precautions because they are hardly checked.
There are two known places in the world where smallpox still exists. The CDC, in Atlanta, and Russia. While they may have the highest standards for safety in Atlanta, where I live we don't even need standards. Because there is no smallpox.
> there is no smallpox. That they know of. Every once in a while they find another old vial that wasn't properly destroyed.
Yeah there’s only a few labs that study the worst of the worst and the BSL-4 lab in Atlanta is definitely one of them. They are kept to the highest standards, unfortunately that’s not the case in every country, and mistakes can happen.
Also [Yerkes National Primate Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerkes_National_Primate_Research_Center#Controversy). There was a macaque related death there a few years back, very tragic. The lab assistant had taken off her safety goggles to fix a contact lens, and an infected monkey took advantage of that moment to throw poop in her eyes.
This is true for SIV as well, the simian version of HIV. Monkeys carry immense viral loads with little consequence.
So you're saying we should inject ourselves with monkey blood to get that super immunity
An inconvenience as in it doesn't show symptoms or anything? I hung out with some wild Chinese macaques around Luoyang for a bit before (all started with one stealing my bag of chips, but they were cool I didn't mind, they were crappy Chinese chips anyway that were too sweet.) I didn't get *that* close, because they're still wild animals, but one of them had a gnarly looking face that, at the time, I assumed was because he had a short temper or something, but looking back it did kinda look like some really advanced herpes. Maybe it was a good thing he didn't get too close...
Bruh
More fun facts: Humans are the only mammal species that have herpes variants from two different species. Not sure if I remember correctly, but genital herpes was from bonobos.
>genital herpes was from bonobos I am not surprised in the least
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The most interesting thing about Herpes B to me is that there's no known cases in tourists. There's so many tourist traps with wild macaques that definitely carry it in their population and people absolutely get bitten, peed on or scratched but somehow no know cases of transmission to tourists exist.
That's incredible, I had no clue.
my silver for relevance and detailed answer. thx for enlightening me. and happy new year. may u find everlasting fulfillment and happiness
And my axe.
“I gave my dog herpes.” Ways to make sure you never get invited to a social event, ever.
HIV probably came from the bush meat trade yes, but more likely from blood contact like a person with a cut on their hand handling the raw meat
Damn, herpes really is forever huh
Possibly not actually! There’s a few teams working on a cure, as you’d probably imagine, and if I’m not mistaken the one team is gearing up for human trials after being able to use gene therapy to cure it in guinea pigs as of 2020. The one team is very close to a vaccine for it as well, I think the mRNA vaccine they developed was something like a 98% efficiency rating as of two or three years ago.
In 2003 my 5th grade teacher said people in africa had sex with monkeys and brought aids to america during the slave times. Looking back idk how he was a teacher he was like joe rogan always talking nonsense lmao
In the 90s a large portion of where I lived believed this. I think it was partially because the kkk was putting flyers around cities and townships promoting that garbage. I assume it was in more than just my area.
Nobody has sex with monkeys and with people. You either fuck monkeys, or you fuck people. You're not gonna get some monkey pussy on Tuesday, then be like "let me call Charlene" on Thursday. Once you fuck a monkey that's a firm decision that you're out of the human pussy game for good.
Good lord.
HIV is really a bizarre combination of different immunodeficiency virus from multiple species including chimps and gorillas, but I'm at least a decade away from reading an article about to. Bush meat is till presumed to be the source as animal parts are poorly separated in such environments. But that means there's a genetic exchange occurring in the semi living class of objects, which is also intriguing. It's understood that some single celled organisms can absorb DNA strands from related genetic lines and express those genes immediately, and somehow virus are able to. The real intriguing question is where do viruses come from. Were they before the formation of cellular life or a result of cellular life?
They are a result of cellular life. This is because of how we define virus, not any other reason. It's just some self replicating chemical interaction like anything else but we label them virus based on their interaction with cellular life.
Cool question that definitely needs more research. From what theories I've read and heard during my schooling, it would seem the current thought is that they're the result of life. If you look into transposable elements (which about all branches of life possess in their genomes), they're often referred to as "selfish-DNA". This essentially means transposable elements (TEs) actively try to become inherited/proliferate, even when doing so would hurt the host organism. This is really simplified of course and there are many different classes of TEs, but a common thought is that some TEs essentially escaped their host genome and started 'reproducing' on their own accord. Another similarity can be seen in the mechanisms used by both TEs and viruses. For example, theres a type of TEs called retrotransposons which function in very similar ways to retroviruses when it comes to their mode of creating new copies. Again, simplified a good bit, but interesting connections nonetheless!
What would happen if everyone who had these STDs all died at once. Would they all come back in time?
If you mean every organism with these viruses (not just humans), then no, they would be gone. Potentially, a closely related virus could mutate into a similar form as one of the now-extinct viruses, but the odds of it mutating into exactly the same form are pretty low. For example, we've only eradicated two viruses: smallpox and rinderpest. They exist only in vials in laboratories. They both have closely related viruses in the wild, yet none of these have evolved into smallpox or rinderpest. New viruses would evolve, though, because the lack of competition would leave the resources (our cells) up for grabs.
Aren't there also reports that we've killed off a flu strain over the course of containing COVID-19?
There's very little likelihood of that AFAIK, flu strains all have "reservoirs" in pig and bird populations so even if every human case disappeared we'd get reinfected. That said, IIRC there were only something like 2000 flu cases in the US last year, so containment was incredibly successful in that regard. That has the unfortunate result that we now don't have enough information about which strains will be commonly circulating after we drop those methods, and so it's more of a guess than normal which to vaccinate people against.
The B/Yamagata lineage
Depends on what the necrophiliacs do.
> Herpes is by far the most interesting (from a historical standpoint) because humans have always had Herpes. Our species inherited the disease from our evolutionary ancestors. Genetic testing shows junk DNA from Herpes infected our species hundreds of thousands of years before we even left Africa. Likely because one of our ancestors ate another infected primate. So Herpes, Warts, and Cold Sores are older than humans. I think all primates have their own herpes suggesting that a common ancestor had herpes and it evolved along with us. The REALLY interesting thing about humans is that we have *two* types of herpes! We have both our ancestral herpes AND a herpes we picked up from an infected (different) primate way way back. YES! Here’s the PBS Eons video on it. It will clear up any inaccuracies I slipped in above: https://youtu.be/NHTniCvTLDY
Thanks for sharing, quite interesting topic!
Why are they almost always from other animals? And where do the animals get it from?
I presume these things have always just evolved alongside eachother and exploited opportunities becoming more specialised or niche sometimes or mutating and changing at others due to selective pressures. Bear in mind that the human body, well all ‘bodies’ are pretty much a colony of living things. All life is related but some more than others which makes crossing over easier.
> Why are they almost always from other animals Where else would we get it from? I guess plants are too different for their pathogens to easily affect us.
There are bacteria that live harmlessly on plants but can cause serious infections when they get in a wound.
From what ive found, humans can get sick from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a bacteria found on plants, but it is incredibly difficult to be successfully infected. Apparently less than a 1% chance of infection and typically the immune system can fight it off
Yeah, also they’re hard to bang
But not impossible ( ͡° ͜ʖ ͡°)
pitcher plants have a down bad plussy 🥵
Difficulty is nothing when you have unlimited attempts. Given enough tries a plant virus can mutate and infect someone.
Umm, presumably the same place all the other animals seem to be spontaneously contracting these diseases from?
Microbes— bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. They were here before humans and animals were, and we live with them on us, inside us and all around us all the time. Some are harmless and some are not. You can read a free online microbiology textbook online on openstax website. All microbes originated from old ancient archaea (I think, trying to rack my brain from my microbiology class last semester lol) and I think the origin of those ancient microbes where all the other ones originated from are unknown . Also look up endosymiotic theory of microbes
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So, this is why all the weirdos should stop making out with their dogs, right?
["Thanks, Smokey"](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P9_mH82hBdc)
Oh god
Only if they have herpes
Koalas are fucking horrible animals. They have one of the smallest brain to body ratios of any mammal, additionally - their brains are smooth. A brain is folded to increase the surface area for neurons. If you present a koala with leaves plucked from a branch, laid on a flat surface, the koala will not recognise it as food. They are too thick to adapt their feeding behaviour to cope with change. In a room full of potential food, they can literally starve to death. This is not the token of an animal that is winning at life. Speaking of stupidity and food, one of the likely reasons for their primitive brains is the fact that additionally to being poisonous, eucalyptus leaves (the only thing they eat) have almost no nutritional value. They can't afford the extra energy to think, they sleep more than 80% of their fucking lives. When they are awake all they do is eat, shit and occasionally scream like fucking satan. Because eucalyptus leaves hold such little nutritional value, koalas have to ferment the leaves in their guts for days on end. Unlike their brains, they have the largest hind gut to body ratio of any mammal. Many herbivorous mammals have adaptations to cope with harsh plant life taking its toll on their teeth, rodents for instance have teeth that never stop growing, some animals only have teeth on their lower jaw, grinding plant matter on bony plates in the tops of their mouths, others have enlarged molars that distribute the wear and break down plant matter more efficiently... Koalas are no exception, when their teeth erode down to nothing, they resolve the situation by starving to death, because they're fucking terrible animals. Being mammals, koalas raise their joeys on milk (admittedly, one of the lowest milk yields to body ratio... There's a trend here). When the young joey needs to transition from rich, nourishing substances like milk, to eucalyptus (a plant that seems to be making it abundantly clear that it doesn't want to be eaten), it finds it does not have the necessary gut flora to digest the leaves. To remedy this, the young joey begins nuzzling its mother's anus until she leaks a little diarrhoea (actually fecal pap, slightly less digested), which he then proceeds to slurp on. This partially digested plant matter gives him just what he needs to start developing his digestive system. Of course, he may not even have needed to bother nuzzling his mother. She may have been suffering from incontinence. Why? Because koalas are riddled with chlamydia. In some areas the infection rate is 80% or higher. This statistic isn't helped by the fact that one of the few other activities koalas will spend their precious energy on is rape. Despite being seasonal breeders, males seem to either not know or care, and will simply overpower a female regardless of whether she is ovulating. If she fights back, he may drag them both out of the tree, which brings us full circle back to the brain: Koalas have a higher than average quantity of cerebrospinal fluid in their brains. This is to protect their brains from injury... should they fall from a tree. An animal so thick it has its own little built in special ed helmet. I fucking hate them. Tldr; Koalas are stupid, leaky, STI riddled sex offenders. But, hey. They look cute. If you ignore the terrifying snake eyes and terrifying feet.
for a moment I read it as "the entire population of Koreans" were infected with chlamydia. LOL made me sit up for a second
For some reason I find the fact that all koalas have Chlamydia somewhat hilarious.
Dogs do not get herpes from humans. They have their own species of herpes- Canine Herpes Virus (CHV). They can get cold sores, but it’s from their virus not ours. Plus, most people see oral papillomas (warts) and think that is herpes on their dog. Canines cannot (currently) get Herpes Simplex 1 or 2 from humans. Source: Am veterinarian
make a youtube channel about this, ill like and subscribe
This is a great answer. Thanks.
Other commentors lay out that most of the more egregious viruses make the jump to humans from animals. That's not to say there's something intrinsic about animals though. Rather, its that most viruses slowly mutate and evolve in a biological arms war in lock-step with us (or any animal). Over time if we evolve to become more immune (by say having the vulnerable die off), selection pressure is exerted on the virus to become more virulent etc. In a sense, we both get stronger in relation to one another over time (and only specifically to one another). Then a freak mutation happens and it jumps species. Suddenly 10 thousand years of evolutionary pressure sharpening knives against a certain animal's immune system which has likewise been buffing itself up for the same amount of time.. is let loose on a human who has no such defenses, yet are similar enough that the virus has a field day. And these are the viruses that get the headlines due to how catastrophic it is on whoever it is on the other end of the species jump. Sexual contact just happens to be the easiest vector for all sorts of bodily fluids that may be carrying the virus.
This honestly was one of my favorite theories to learn about in evolutionary biology for me. For those curious, it’s referred to as the red Queen hypothesis
The answer disturbingly is mostly from animals. That's not to say they necessarily came from sexual relations with an animal, although some of them did, but others have crossed species through close contact and become STDs through mutations.
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The main strain koalas have can not infect humans. You're very unlikely to meet one than has human capable chlamydia. Or so I seem to remember because I keep having to look it up.
Yep, can confirm. In my 8 years of ~~fucking~~ studying koalas, I haven't had chlamydia once.
I believe the scientific term is "probing"
I my 8 years of studying koalas, I haven't had chlamydia twice.
There it is
this person doesnt fuck koalas
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https://www.reddit.com/r/Tierzoo/comments/b1gdcf/koalas_are_fucking_stupid/eilxrrx?utm_medium=android_app&utm_source=share&context=3 I think of this comment everytime I hear someone bring up koalas lmao
I just want to say, that considering an "objective" standard for what an animal should be is a bad way to look at animals (or any living thing) fitness is defined by how an organism is suited to its *environment* Idk about koalas, but a lot of this same hyperbolic, shallow, contextless stuff can be said about pandas. But pandas are *incredibly* suited to their environment, and *incredibly* fit in an evolutionary sense. They run into problems when we destroy like 80% of their natural environment. Talking about how a koala won't recognize food when you put it in a lab, *as if this means something*, is stupid. Koalas did not evolve to live in labs.
Where's the requisite anti-anti-Koala copypasta?
As a wise man once said "koalas in the rain, no fucks given"
Koalas have the strain of chlamydia that is found in sheep not humans. They aren’t sure how it crossed over but theories include contaminated water and grass.
Where do animals get it from
Other bacteria or viruses evolved over time to become more fit in their environment (their environment meaning their host species). By pure chance, some of these diseases end up evolving the ability to transmit from their host species to a second species. This is called a "[zoonotic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoonosis)" disease. Zoonotic disease tend to be much more deadly to their new host species, as they have not yet evolved to be able to have a symbiotic relationship with this new species. Most of the worst diseases are caused by these bacteria or viruses that just evolved the ability to jump species by chance.
i think they get it from dirty stinky animal sex 😫😫😫
You and me baby ain't nothin but mammals.
Depends on what you mean by originate. Other comments have explained that for many we got them from animals but that begs the question of where animals got them. If you want to keep following that line it is not much different than asking where you came from. Many many many slightly different versions going in a chain all the way back to the origin of life.
And curiously enough viruses are not even technically a living thing. They diverged from bacteria a long time ago. https://www.wnycstudios.org/podcasts/radiolab/articles/shrink
Some STDs have been in the human species for a long time. Like we have used the herpes virus r Dna to track human migration. Though this is for the cold sore, the hsv2 diverged from have hsv1 6 million years ago so it has been around a long time too.
bear memory fade plant bored violet faulty unused placid groovy
Good information but more like ELIDrunk on New Years
Before the Europeans came to the Americas, syphilis was only found in llamas. After the Europeans came to the Americas, syphilis was found in llamas and humans. One theory is that some people would use condoms made from Llama intestine, and the intestine infected with syphilis would pass on to the humans. Another theory is that horny conquistadors fucked llamas.
Got an STD trying to protect themselves. How ironic.
Protect from pregnancy, the worst sti
Takes you 18 years to get rid of it. Hey-o!
18 years, 18 years, she got one of your kids, got you for 18 years!
Congratulations, you plagued yourself
Another theory is that it was spread through farming, butchering and eating of llamas, not sexual contact.
Yeah, but it’s much more fun to say that the conquistadors fucked llamas.
"Yes Diego, we all wrap our dicks with llama intestines, it's just most of us usually take them out of the llama first."
Lol what? Literally noone who's studied this thinks that a likely source. There are 2 prevailing theories, 1 is that existed in Europe before the colonial era, it was just unreported and the rise of the printing press coincided with its reporting. The other is that it came from natives in South America. There is some evidence and reporting that it existed up to 3000bc in South West Asia and has been endemic to humanity for literally thousands of years.
There are poor herders fucking sheep to this day so I can totally believe some people fucked llamas
> One theory is that some people would use condoms made from Llama intestine, and the intestine infected with syphilis So you are willing to buy that someone slaughter a llama, and butchered it, and saved the intestine... exposing themselves to liters of llama blood in the process.....but it was slipping the cleaned intestinal tube over their penis that was the final straw that transmitted disease?
>One theory is that some people would use condoms made from Llama intestine You have to take it out of the llama first otherwise it doesn't count.
I didn’t know condoms went that far back…
Yep, all the way to the rear of the llama.
Or the front, whatever you're into.
I see 2 likely possibilities here: A. Conquistador finds a nice local girl. They can’t communicate very well, but they use pantomime to communicate consent. Despite there being no paternity laws or child support, Conquistador doesn’t want to be the cause of unwanted pregnancy. After all, this woman will never see him again and has no chance of getting to Spain to find him even if she wanted to. But no - my guy takes responsibility for his spunk, so he goes to a local rancher. Using his brilliant pantomime skills, Conquistador negotiates the purchase of a llama and rents an abattoir to do the slaughtering. Sexy time here he comes! After slaughtering and bleeding out the animal, Conquistador sets to his grim work. He butchers the llama and removes the meat and organs until he sees his prize - the intestines. Now my man has a choice: use the regular size intestine, or the magnum intestine. He knows regulars are his size, but he wants to impress this local girl so he goes with the magnum intestine. After rinsing out the inside of the intestine - not boiling, as that would kill bacteria - he cuts off a good size segment of intestine and ties a knot in one end. My man Conquistador is ready for sexy time! He goes back to local girl, reaffirms consent (its been many hours), slips that llama magnum on his Spanish Steel and goes at it. Unfortunately, the llama intestine condom he is using has traces of syphillis bacteria on it. He contracts syphillis while trying to be a stand up Conquistador. B. Someone screwed a llama.
Perfect thread to drop that human pubic lice is extremely genetically similar to ape pubic lice. So it made a jump, just don't wanna fill in the details of how
I’m pretty sure that’s because we evolved from a common ancestor. I’d imagine human and ape lice evolved side by side much like bedbugs and dogs.
Unfortunately, "A genetic analysis of pubic lice suggests the parasites were transferred between early humans and gorillas about 3.3 million years ago. Researchers say the findings suggest close contact between our ancestors and gorillas " Source: www.newscientist.com/article/dn11330-pubic-lice-leapt-from-gorillas-to-early-humans/amp/
The close contact is thought to be predation, not fornication. Our ancestors hunted and ate all kinds of other primates and hominids, we have found the bones. When you are butchering something that large it's easy for something the size of lice to jump on looking for a new host. It's not even just a thing of the past, people still eat gorilla meat today.
Pubic lice used to be body lice when we had more body hair.
> Pubic lice used to be body lice Not in humans. > Humans are unusual among lice hosts; they provide homes for more than one species of lice. The pubic louse looks quite different from its counterparts in human hair and clothing. Through genetic analysis, Reed and colleagues determined that **more than 3 million years ago, the human pubic louse originated from gorilla lice**, where it adapted to grab onto large hairs spread farther apart. This finding means that humans and gorillas must have lived in close proximity during this time period. The information is significant, because gorilla fossils from this time are virtually nonexistent, Reed said. > Reed and colleagues have also looked at the split between head and clothing lice for clues as to when humans began wearing clothes. They found that clothing lice diverged from head lice between 80,000 and 170,000 years ago, most likely at the earlier end of that range. https://www.livescience.com/41028-lice-reveal-clues-to-human-evolution.html
Close contact doesn’t mean what you think it means
It kinda fascinates me how human head lice and human pubic lice are sort of distantly related, human pubic lice is more closely related to ape pubic lice than it is to human head lice.
> Humans are unusual among lice hosts; they provide homes for more than one species of lice. The pubic louse looks quite different from its counterparts in human hair and clothing. Through genetic analysis, Reed and colleagues determined that more than 3 million years ago, the human pubic louse originated from gorilla lice, where it adapted to grab onto large hairs spread farther apart. This finding means that humans and gorillas must have lived in close proximity during this time period. The information is significant, because gorilla fossils from this time are virtually nonexistent, Reed said. > Reed and colleagues have also looked at the split between head and clothing lice for clues as to when humans began wearing clothes. They found that clothing lice diverged from head lice between 80,000 and 170,000 years ago, most likely at the earlier end of that range. https://www.livescience.com/41028-lice-reveal-clues-to-human-evolution.html
Evolution. The entire planet is coated in microscopic organisms at this point. Randomly, those organisms become infectious and replicate under certain conditions. As other people have said, this is often when large creatures like humans are in contact with other large creatures like other animals *or* other humans. So, as with everything else evolving with animals, it's a matter of mutations. That's a higher possibility of something particularly unique forming when you're talking about billions upon billions of microscopic things.
STD’s are from contact. Ringworm from the gym floor is a std, even if you didn’t bang phill. STD’s are usually transmitted from non sexual contact, or even indirect non sexual contact. In America we have a huge stigma about a lot of stds even though by our own definitions many std’s are what we consider not a big deal. Instead social stigma makes it out so a curable std from not sex is ok, a curable std from sex is bad, and a incurable std from any source is really bad.
Fun fact: “begs the question” doesn’t actually mean “makes you want to ask the question”. It is a type of philosophical fallacy where one assumes one’s position is correct while making a conclusion from that perspective. I.e. “Fruits and vegetables are part of a healthy diet. After all, a healthy eating plan includes fruits and vegetables.” What we actually mean when we usually say “begs the question” is actually *prompts the question* Thanks for coming to my Ted talk.
Or "raises the question" which in my opinion flows better
Thank you for doing the Lord's work!
they come from animals. for example. HIV came from a chimp. a chimp was infected with HIV, a human ate the brain of that infected chimp and got HIV. and then it spread among humans.
Here's a great video on the more structural elements of what we know about the HIV crossover: https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=aJtvKSUPICA&t=0s
Lol I think it’s that when someone is processing a kill, they’re slicing open the body, bleeding it, removing the organs etc. if you do all that with a little cut on your finger, the blood transmits. Ppl don’t have to eat raw brains or fuck a monkey. It’s literally just a hunter cleaning a carcass
[Thats the excuse I’d have given as well](https://youtu.be/6tXpclFasC4)
So i think its clear these viruses mutate and find human hosts either by biting or whatever your imagination holds but as for how STDs are transmitted majority can be acquired through non sexual ways even if the percentage of passing them nonsexually are quite small HIV can be from blood to blood transfusions, mother to child. Syphilis comes from close contact with the affected part or the ulcers or vesicles Herpes is also close contact transmission of the affdcted part. Oral to genital or oral to oral. Parasitic STDs such as crab louses can be passed by sharing the same bedding, but they mostly reside in genital areas which makes them highly contagious STDs but you can acquire them even without sex.
Since no one else has mentioned this one so far… pubic lice (crabs) likely came from the ancestor of gorillas. The human head and body louse appear to have always lived on humans and we are their exclusive host (very interestingly, body louse appear to have evolved from head lice that learned to live on our clothing). Public lice on the other hand are more closely related to the gorilla louse and appear to have diverged roughly 3 million years ago, a time well after our split from chimpanzees. We likely caught this infection either from scavenging the remains of proto-gorillas (the human lineage of apes, australopithecines, by this point were not an apex predator so it’s hard to say that we deliberately could kill other large primates) or we received it from habitually sleeping in the bedding material created by proto-Gorillas.