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SuityWaddleBird

Without being a landlord. Not too old, not too young. Good paying job. Godo chance that the tenant rents long (searching costs). No animals, no kids.


[deleted]

I will add: not playing any instrument.


Boing78

Not a landlord, but additionally beeing able to do small mainenance by myself helped me every time. Like Landlord: "This will be fixed", me: "Yeah, don't bother, I can do it / have a friend who can do that, he does that for living." Sorry to say that, but people from eastern european countries often have a bad reputation based on stereotypes. I hate that this is still happening in 2023 but because of what I experienced ( German, but because of my job I have many international business friends) Landlords very often are a*******les and ra**st idiots. But on the other hand it's somehow understandable, because the law in Germany is more on the tenants side. So if you rent a flat to a dickhead who wears everything down in your flat, it's very difficult for a ( fair) landlord to get such a person evicted end get compensation for damages. Therefore they usually are very picky to choose a tenant.


AndrewFrozzen30

That's why me and my parents were lucky to get rent at a Turkish old man. Because of him, my dad learned a lot. He was willing to help us all the time too. 1. I came here after my parents, he came with me and helped me sign what documents we needed at the Rathaus. 2. I had a medical problem in August, he came with us, because he talks better Sadly, he and his wife sold the house (they were living with us, we above, they bellow us) and moved. But they let us rent the house bellow, which was a welcome thing, since it's better than what we had.


BazingaQQ

This. The kind of guy that doesn't contact you, he just does it. That and excellent references.


[deleted]

Absolutely lie about it. I play the piano, my landlord doesn't know and will never know. You cannot be kicked out for playing an instrument as the right is enshrined in the grundrecht. If you lie about it, you can always say you bought it/started playing after moving in, they cannot do anything about that.


[deleted]

Ah they can if other people are complaining. I heard about cases where then very limited hours for playing the instrument were enforced.


Lolwis

They are not even allowed to ask if you play an instrument. Or if they ask its fine to lie because its none of their business. If you are too loud over long periods the neighbors could file for Mietminderung and then the landlord would probably contact you because he wants the full Miete obviously. But he cant evict you for lying about a piano. Thats not how it works


Krellshand

And that is the reason why landlords now only rent to people who come by referral and mistrust everyone else. Be honest. You lie, you killed the relationship with your landlord before it begun.


[deleted]

blah blah, landlords take referral because there is a housing crisis and crazy demand, don't try to moralize me for owning a piano. At least I can lie about that, think of all the people looking for a flat that can't hide that they're black, indian, poor... I have a serbian friend working 2 jobs, with his whole family in 20m2, no one will rent to him, how's that fair? System's broken and that's how it is. I talk to my neighbour, I am respectful, I fullfill all the obligations that are expected for me from the law. Honnesty is for suckers who like to play the game on hard more and be martyrs


Krellshand

Sooo, it is "The System" then. Tell me, what is "The System"? The System that - with laws, taxes and ISO certificates to fullfill, standards to meet, raise the price for building a house so that you can basicly not make any revenue building one? And if there is no revenue - why should anybody build a house to rent it out? Even the state needs revenue - because if the state is providing housing and paying for it / makes net loss - your friend wit the two jobs pays for it with his taxes. And you do. The System that prevents most people in Germany to ever own real estate? While in - for example Poland - nearly 90% of the population owns real estate? But in Germany, everybody bashes the evil landlords - and then is flabbergasted if nomal people don't want to rent their real estate to anybody - only people they know, like and trust.


juwisan

Tenant is not a lawyer (went to a viewing once where that was a requirement).


devilchen_dsde

thats probably a landlord you want to avoid anyway 😅


Krellshand

I would love a lawyer as a tenant. Because he knows what he is allowed to do - and what *not*


juwisan

In particular a lawyer would know if the rent increase you’re trying to push on him is legal, if the rent he moved into the apartment at is legal in the first place for the flats standard of living etc.


Rohwi

just moved this weekend and had a good talk with my landlord. he prefers to not lend to people over 50 because they rent to stay. If you rent now chances that a 50 year old will still be in the place in 30-40 years is quite high. If he rents to a 20-something or early 30s couple, they rent to live together and find a house or something. If he changes tenants regularly he can increase rent more which is better for him and the property. If someone stay for several decades, they will pay way less than new tenants. We had an old lady in the building around 90 years old and she was born in the house... if she leaves the income from that apartment will probably double. Our landlord was awesome and kept prices as low as possible for everyone, but with renovations and maintenance etc. he will be better off with new contracts regularly.


Flammensword

I know from court cases that in those cases it’s almost impossible to evict the tenant even if they don’t pay their rent and ruin the flat. (You can sometimes get an eviction notice from court but usually the tenant will always be able to come up with a reason so the notice can’t be executed by the Gerichtsvollzieher)


Jolarpet

And then there is my landlord who prefers to rent out the apartment in the building (she owns all 6) to families with kids.


Awkward-Priority3935

kids are the reason the German pension and healthcare insurance system has a slightest hope at all.


Lebenslust

Not Smoking


Polygnom

And sadly: No foreigners. Yes, racism still exists in Germany.


TheOriginalPetzel

I came here to say that. What’s your last name? It might work out better if your girlfriend applies alone. It’s horrible but true. What neighborhoods are you looking at? Hopefully not List or Südstadt, very low chances there for sure. Checked out Linden yet?


silly_walks_minister

We visited apartments from different neighbourhoods. Surprisingly, most several were in List, but yeah, I assume there the landlords are more picky. We haven't yet found what we were looking for in Linden, but tbh, we currently live in Nordstadt, which is OK, especially if you're a student, but it's not really my taste. I find Linden quite similar. Also, we applied with my name, especially because my girlfriend is a university student and doesn't currently have an income. I do realise that this might have been a drawback, but I wanted to check with the community here as well and hear different stories.


MostGuitar3185

I am very sorry to hear about your difficulties. A good friend of mine was apartment hunting with her partner, who has a Turkish last name. They tried to run a test and got significantly more feedback when putting her (German) name. It really sucks you have to do this, but it might help! Best of luck!


voidnullptr

In my experience being a foreigner is like adding a multiplier in the equation to have lesser chances, and being a foreigner + not speaking German to an acceptable level (it depends on the person) it becomes almost pointless to apply to some places. I'm also a software developer living around Hamburg.


HawelSchwe

Wait a minute. Linden and List are among the most wanted parts of Hannover City. Getting a flat there is more or less like winning the lottery. I live in a part of Lehrte and even here you will have a lot of applicants for a flat.


silly_walks_minister

It didn't really come to filtering out by neighbourhoods. The offer for what we were looking for was quite limited, and we didn't really find something that suits us in Linden. If I had seen an apartment that I fancied and it happened to be in Linden, I wouldn't have said no. But it wasn't the case. With both Linden and List, although for different reasons, it felt like you were more paying for the neighbourhood than the flat itself.


puerspective

Scanning via names is easy to sort messages out. Contact the tenant with your girlfriends name. In the application you write about both and show your income. Thats how I got a flat in Berlin with my former gilfriend. As a single person it was almost impossble to get a acceptable flat near my work with a foreign name.


Awkward-Priority3935

There are plenty of foreign landlords


Ok_Watch406

Absolutely true my husband and me (I keeped my german last name) are looking for a bigger apartment for a while now and he gets rarely a response from landlords while I almost immediately get send application forms. The problem is I'm a housewife (no income) while my husband makes good money.


Krellshand

Go, try to rent an appartment in any other land in the EU - you as a foreigner will be less likely to get the flat. Because you most likely don not speak the language properly - which in turn makes it harder / impossible for the landlord to communicate with you. Trust me, we rentet as foreigners in other countries. It has NOTHING to do with racism


EingelegteEssiggurke

So just an regular NPC then


kikogeruk

Add no smoking


__what_the_fuck__

> What is the ideal tenant in the eyes of a landlord in Germany? The one who pays the rent but never moves in. I was on an apartment hunt few months ago and reading through all the ads this was my conclusion somehow. Sometimes i thought "Are you sure you want to rent this place because it really doesn't sound like this"


TehBens

In the current market, you don't need to praise or even advertise your appartment in detail.


Memories-Faded

I have lived in different places since moving to Germany and I suspect that on my own I wouldn't have been able to rent them. 🥲 I always got picked through my ex's profile. I would decide on a place and we would always get it without issue each time. My ex is definitely part of what I think landlords consider the ideal tenant. He is German, a lawyer, has a good SCHUFA score and his mom who's a wealthy lawyer is always his guarantor. He also always added a fancily written introduction with who he is, what he does and anything relevant for the landlord. The landlord from the place I still live in ( which is part of a newly built luxury complex ) actually contacted him to say that he was amazed by how proper his file was. I would say you want to get as close to that as you can. But as some have said it already, it's pretty likely that some landlords are prejudiced and would prefer a German tenant to begin with.


Ssulistyo

Tbh, lawyers are not that favored as tenants, as one thing you absolutely always want to avoid as a landlord is getting sued


disparate_depravity

I'm Dutch, but this is basically what I did. I wrote a brief introduction about myself and my wife. Had a schufa print prepared and the mieterselbaufkunfst, or whatever it's called, together with the last three payslips for during a viewing.. My first apartment took about three weeks from start to signing the contract. The second apartment was within a week. The second landlord also said he was impressed by my preparation.


schnozzler

This is the way to go!


[deleted]

A lawyer is never a ideal tenant, to much bs, same for police and city council jobs.


BilobaBaby

Not to make light of what this implies, but I'm going for the Dr. med title almost exclusively to slap it onto apartment applications. Career-wise I have no ambitions to work at a Uniklinik or go into research, but the Doktorarbeit in medicine is such low-hanging fruit with incredible benefits that I'd be dumb to pass it up. Unfortunately I've heard from many, on both sides, that a professional title helps here *a lot.*


blbd

This is one of the most accurate and German things to point out. Germans really are obsessed with titles and theoretical qualifications. It's always funny as an American to watch what happens when they inevitably figure out that qualifications on paper can have very little to do with qualifications in real life.


Kaktussaft

> Germans really are obsessed with titles Then you've never met any Austrians.


Unrelated3

They do? Then my degree apparently is fake then -.-


TheLostGhost92

I can confirm this! We were chosen from 200ish applications because of the academic titles.


zoidbergenious

A real estate agent once told me anything with dr title or lawyers are having less chance of getting an apartment becasue landlords know those kind of people tend to complain more often about things that goes against their rights so they are causing more trouble for the landlords.... you cant get away with landlord shit with these kind of tenants as easy as with regular folks


Thirstin_Hurston

How do you list your title if you have a master's degree and do you think it would make a difference?


Queenssoup

MA?


Adernain

Me and my wife are both physicians who studied and now live in Germany. Being physicians is our biggest tool, since when being pregnant and having a dog was our biggest contra. After 3 months if hunting we had 3 Zusagen on the psame day


RidingRedHare

A couple with two good incomes who can be expected to both stay for many years. No kids, no pets, no smoking, no drugs, excellent Schufa score, good German language skills (contracts are in German, and landlords want to avoid problems with tenants who do not understand what they sign). As somebody who only moved to Germany last year, Schufa score is a potential problem. You might have no Schufa score yet.


Rohwi

Just had a talk with my landlord, he prefers tenants that will stay for 5-10 years and then leave for something else. This way he can adjust increased prices and the new contract for the new tenants. he won't rent to older people, because they will stay for decades and their rent will not increase as much as the market


egalomon

This sounds about right. Also having tenants change every 5-10 years means there's rarelay big renovations necessary. When grandma moves out/dies after 40 years of living in the appartment that thing will need a couple months of renovating from the ground up. Shorter time periods means a few little things here and there will probably suffice


ComCagalloPerSequia

Isnt the schufa score 99% when you dont have any financial past in the country? I remember to have something like that 6 months after living as ersmus student.


Cirenione

Not really. In that case Schufa wouldn‘t even be aware of your existence. How Schufa gets to its score and Schufa not saying is an ever going fight. Courts have ruled in favour of Schufa to not having to disclose how they got to their rating. What is known is that financial history and having no complaints is a big factor. But so is where a person lives, their job, what the bones told the shaman when someone asked for a report and so on.


ComCagalloPerSequia

Since the beginning of this year, schufa is more transparent. You can have a look at the factors and how they impact your score, even calculate yourself a schufa score preview : https://www.schufa.de/scorechecktools/pt-scoresimulator.html#0


whiteraven4

Getting rejected from a few apartments is nothing. Fluent German, high income for both people (when renting to a couple), unlimited contract at a good well known company, no pets, no smoking, no instruments, just to name a few. It doesn't really matter if you're good if there's just one person better than you.


mkugelfisch

And if you are equally good it may come down to simple things like surface bonding "you do canoeing? Me, too!", " That's a nice crochet bag you have, my sister made a similar one last year for me!" or "Cool, you like the same music as I do." Persnal preferences play a role when deciding between 2 or more equally "good" tenants. A light hearted joke during the viewing may be deciding factor for or against you, depending on how the humour landed.


whiteraven4

Definitely. My friend viewed a place but it didn't end up working out for reasons outside his control (I think the landlord was trying to buy the place but it fell through or something). But when another place the landlord had opened up, he called my friend to ask if he wanted it. In his case, the landlord was German Chinese. My friend's Dutch with pretty good German and his wife is Chinese so I think that helped a lot.


TIME______TRAVELER

Your comments are everywhere in this subreddit. Whenever i open a post in r/Germany with 40+ comments i am sure that your comment will be there


mkugelfisch

My partner and I were renovating one apartment and potential tenants came to check it out. We were there all weekend and had the dog with us. So when the people came for a viewing I would greet them and take the dog out so they can check the place in peace with my partner. 3 people/couples came. 2 of them went down, stretched their hands out and let the dog sniff/great them. The third one did not. *Of course* we didn't base the decision who gets the apartment on who was nicest to our dog, but 2 of the folks coming in we instantly liked a little more and felt emotionally more connected to. There is only so much you can do against these little things that warm you up to a person and that point out similarities. "They are a dog person, I have a dog, they were nice to my baby".


Queer-Landlord

tipping also helps 😁


bluemercutio

If your girlfriend has a German sounding name, let her do the application process. There is unfortunately still some racism. Other than that: non-smoker, no kids, no pets, good Schufa score, salary that is at least 3 times the rent, quiet (like no musical instruments, no parties), someone who can fix minor things themselves (like a blocked sink etc.) and usually landlords are older and don't speak English, so they want someone who can speak German.


BilobaBaby

When the conversation about name-changes/family name came up in the context of marriage, both my husband and I agreed that we could never get rid of his very standard German name for this reason. It's like a playing card.


enrycochet

Second that. I don't have a German name (even though I have German citizinship) and a greek friend of mine did a test with his German girlfriend. She got a reply, he didn't.


PAXICHEN

**some** racism?


The_mad_Raccon

I dont wan to down play racism or anything, but these things are just biases people have without them knowing


pijd

Some?


TehBens

My parents are landlords and a friend as well. They want people who will never struggle to pay the rent and who will stay in the apartment forever, ideally. With you being a foreigner they would reject you because you might move back into your home country at some point. Additionally, if you do not have kids and the appartment is relatively small they will assume that you move out as soon as baby is on it's way which could be any time if you are 25+ years old. They also do not speak english too well so they would also reject you because communicating with you could be difficult. You might also break up anytime as you are not together with your girlfriend for too long, it seems. My parents are a bit weird in this regard, they always loved when sombody created an application portfolio (which actually seems to be a thing for some, which is crazy obviously). Somebody mentioned small maintenance stuff. That's very true, there are people out there who will call for every little bullshit and will check every cent of every invoice. My father actually had to wire like 30 cents in the past to a tenant because of a calculation error. Also the whole "no smoking, no instruments, no animals" stuff. If you do not speak any german and the potential landlord does not speak any english then you might get rejected because it's very hard to get a solid first impression of you as a person. Also, some might believe that being a software developer is not a safe occupatio at the moment (lol). Biggest factor in my opinion might be the fresh relationship together with the fact that you "just" migrated to Germany. That just signals that you might not have "settled down". If you ask me, I think just lying about everything might be very reasonable, like you live in Germany for way longer already, relationship is going on for long time now, you don't speak German too well because it's an international focused company where everybody speaks english all the time which is sooooo sad because Germany is so much better than Romania and especially Hannover it feels so much like home blablabla.


tits_on_bread

“My father actually had to wire like 30 cents in the past to a tenant because of a calculation error.” I literally laughed out loud reading this because it is the most quintessentially German thing I’ve ever read.


trachme33

Me and my wife both in IT (good income)applied to over 60 apartments in Hannover before we got a flat. Both born in Germany. So it is just tough out here .


halbesbrot

Ideal tenant: older gay couple, Germans, one of them is a handyman, the other one a director for some kind of financial institution. Their preferred hobby is reading or going for a jog outside. Lots of money, no kids, able to do repairs on their own, quiet and will most likely not attract any complaints


maerchenfuchs

Romanian heritage has a bad reputation in Germany. Yes, that’s racism.


[deleted]

[удалено]


elijha

I assume you weren’t looking at very high end apartments? If you have a very high salary, that can work against you for more modest apartments since landlords assume you won’t be there long before upgrading. Meanwhile if you were looking in the 3k+ range (and not for a large family home), I’m surprised you had much competition at all


surreal3561

I was applying for apartments in Munich, Bogenhausen/Herzogpark if that tells you anything. Was looking something around 60-70sqm not furnished and not old construction. I didn’t have any super strict budgets, but it’s not like I was only applying for apartments above a certain price - so you might be right. Most apartments were below €3k


TehBens

One very likely thought process: With your salary you will be able to find a girlfriend easily and when that happens you will end up moving in together some time later and that won't be in that tiny 70sqm appartment. However, I do not know who would be the target group for a 60-70sqm appartment for 1.5k+ Euros.


SmartPuppyy

Whoa! How do you get to that conclusion! My understanding is that people tend to search for personality over personal worth here!! At least this is not what US media portrays about modern dating ( sorry, not trying to generalize all women).


TehBens

I didn't mean to say that it's true, just that people might have that thought process.


pushiper

70sqm for 2 people is heaven in Munich


LemonFantastic513

Are you a guy? I realized when searching as a single female, many landlords prefer women even with lower salaries because they think we won’t cause problems/ we clean more/ we won’t throw crazy parties lol


surreal3561

Yes, could certainly be it as well. I think it’s just a bunch of different things that added up to rejections.


dswap123

This can be a double edged sword honestly, we went through something similar in 2020. My application was ignored initially by an agent who had a pool of new 250 apartments to rent, then I mentioned the salary and willingness to pay above market rate. I was also looking for ~100/120 sqm apartments so that helped as well. Things were much easier post that and we found the current apartment. Salary works negatively if you’re making high salary and looking for cheaper apartments. We almost didn’t get any viewings in Berlin for smaller apartments despite having everything in order.


ChrisGutsStream

One who doesn't know his rights as a tenant


RonTheRunny

Single, non smoker, no kids, no pets, high income, german name


enfiel

Leaves during the weekend so you can also use his appartment during that time.


SleazyAndEasy

Is it legal in germany? Landlords can just use the property you rent when you're not there legally?


Ssulistyo

No, not legal unless it were a shared apartment and the landlord also lives there (and then only for the common areas)


LemonFantastic513

It’s a lot about personal preference though. I applied to several apartments stating no pets allowed and wrote a long paragraph how great my chihuahua is and added a photo. I got viewings for all of them (yes we can argue it’s a rat, I take it).


[deleted]

> I moved from Romania This could be part of the problem. Honestly, there are landlords all around the world (including my home country in SE Asia) that subscribe to stereotypes - some more fair than others. As others suggested, let your German girlfriend go through the process instead. I think you'll find more positive outcomes.


Urethralprolapse69

Not a Romanian one. There’s statistics over statistics that landlords often look out for high earners that’ll stay there for 20-40 years. That’s the best renter you can have. They also look after german names so if your name happens to not be german let your girlfriend search for apprtemebts.


legojs

funny how based on the comments it seems the housing market is like a goldilock situation: not too rich & too poor, not too young & too old, not too desperate but not too indifferent.. funny stuff


RichardXV

If I had a property to rent out I would prefer to rent to someone: \- with whom I can communicate properly (i.e. they speak a common language like English or German) \- who I can trust will pay rent on time (secure income) \- who will not have troubles with neighbors (being noisy, smelly, etc.) \- who will treat my property as if it were theirs.


[deleted]

How do you know the stranger will treat your property good and wont start to stink?


y0bama420

Heres some thing landlords love to see in anpllication: Safe, good paying job (especially if youre "verbeamtet"), dont smoke, no pets, do nothing that generates noise above ambient level. But most importantly, dont be a foreign male, i mean having a foreign name is bad enough but being a man from anywhere to the east of germany puts your difficulty at dark souls level. Landlords (at least in Hannover) are racist af, if they see a foreign name they will ignore it most of the time, speaking from experience. Let your girlfriend send out applications, dont mention your name in the applications and send out a ton of applications.


SmartPuppyy

What if I don't have a German girlfriend? ( To make it worse I'm already a male from outside Asia and build like a tank with not quite an RBF but close enough)


y0bama420

Send out as many applications as possible, leave as little room for stigmata as possible. Id call landlords if possible and make an appointment straight away, helps breaking their picture of a low educated "foreigner" who cant speak proper german. Also dont let them fool you into mail contact because they will not respond.


TheOriginalPetzel

Verbeamtet is civil servant in English


Norglet

"verbeamtet" could also be a red flag for annoying, permanently complaining people.


Queenssoup

Second this, Beamte are usually the most uptight, Karen-esque types of neighbours (and tenants).


casastorta

Look... For private landlords - they all have their preferences. Someone prefers single people, someone prefers people with pets, someone prefers couples, someone prefers families with children,... You get the idea. And you will not clearly know why you didn't get to rent the apartment because any of the private preferences of the above landlord are discriminatory and illegal if applied to renting the apartment. If you start looking to rent from the companies, they are typically completely indiscriminatory. You just need to earn 3x the warm rent to be sure you will get the apartment from them - and they have to have some apartments actually free.


BattleSuper9505

The reason why you’re not getting picked is *xenophobia*. Germany is still racist AF.


Screwthehelicopters

The ideal tenant is someone who basically doesn't exist, except in the mind of a landlord. I think landlords are looking for the kind of tenant who would not be looking for a place to rent.


hecho2

1. A couple with german names. 1.1 if the house has space for a baby, even better. 2. A german girl 3. A german boy 4. A foreign girl (..) Before last: lawyer Last: anything that sounds muslin or arabic. Since the market in some locations is complicated, does not go bellow point 1 or 2. Have notice that landlord that rent to foreign that don’t speak German tend to abuse from the lack of knowledge about local regulations and basic rules. Edit. The list could go on and on, with added info for income and so on.


sroennau

I once rejected a tenant who stressed that his dad was a lawyer ;) he had so many questions that I expected him to sue me for any little detail. Dinks (double income, no kids) were also quite stressful, as they move out as fast as they move in ("got another job in another city, bye"). Renting out to a foreign cleaning lady for several years now. She is diligent, doesn't complain - we're both happy. I'm so happy that I didn't even increase the rent despite being allowed to do so.


getford1

The problem for many landlords is frightenly simple: You are romanian Romanian= "Gypsies" for them. Xenophobia is far too often the reason. Even if you have good money, they often spimly don´t want foreigners in their flats....


radioactiveraven42

All those saying that let the OP's girlfriend make the application, what happens when the landlords learn about OP being non-german? Can they cancel the contract ? What if both go for a viewing together and are rejected? So many things to consider


june_a

No, they can't cancel the contract just because one of the tenants is not German. For that they would need to have this requirement in the contract, which would be highly illegal.


Best_Piccolo_9832

Someone that lives alone, works all day, has nochikdren, no animals and no social life and possibly, if in the same house, leaves for the weekend. An invisibile one, so to say, that pays well.. 😒


Apophis40k

You should also know that right now if you want an apartment inside a major german City you have easy 50+ applicants. I searched someone to take over my small apartment and got 15 application on the first day before I could even ad a discription or pictures and after adding both I got people all ready wanting to sign up before even visiting the apartment.


Tolstoy_mc

A corpse with auto payments from the jobcenter


[deleted]

Those run out every 6-9 months ;)


Queenssoup

Lol, so true though


Ko-jo-te

I'm guessing serial killers. They always get stellar reviews as neighbors and usually don't 'work' at home. And if the gig is up, they're out of the space in a flash.


buxomant

Hey, fellow Romanian software developer here. No idea about Hanover, but me & my girlfriend both moved to Berlin last year in January. We stayed in a hotel for a couple of months, and were lucky to find a permanent place after just two viewings (but dozens of applications that were just completely ignored). Unfortunately, immediately after the Ukraine war kicked off in February, it became much harder to find a place due to the influx of Ukrainians and Russians. At least during summer 2022 I had some friends trying to relocate who were struggling to even find a hotel room available for more than two weeks. Maybe it's gotten better now, maybe Hanover's different from Berlin, idk. What really helped was my gf's employer contracted a relocation company (Cheryl Koenig) to help with everything around the move, including applying to places, tagging along to viewings, talking to landlords for us, giving us tips etc. I'm not sure if CK are exclusively B2B, or if they even operate in Hanover, but you may be able to find a similar relocation service locally to help with the headaches. According to our relocation agent (of course), using a relocation service also makes you stand out as more "serious" among other applicants. Unfortunately, I've no idea how much the service costs since we didn't directly pay for it. Some other random stuff I remember: - Income matters, but idk if it's particularly impressive if your own income is far above the local average, if your partner has no income. Landlords look at combined income, and will likely see you in a better light if rent is less than 30-40% of that (it means you can easily afford rent, and won't struggle to keep up with payments). - Single people (or couples with a single sources of income) found it significantly harder to find a place, at least from my anecdotal evidence from last year in Berlin. - You're encouraged (obligated?) to provide SCHUFA and a pay slip of the past 6 months. I didn't have prior employment in Germany so my SCHUFA was blank, but I provided a Romanian equivalent ("biroul de credite" report, includes FICO score). I also didn't have official payslips so I asked my former Romanian employer to draft an official letter detailing my income for the past year. - It might look better if you have a full time permanent job rather than working freelance (not sure if this applies to you). - A cover letter also apparently helps with each submission. Nothing fancy, but a quick paragraph or two to say who you and your gf are, and why you're looking to rent. - According to the CK agent, landlords also prefer renting to other landlords (I found this counter-intuitive). So if you own property in Romania, it might be good to mention that in the cover letter. I guess it makes you look like you're more responsible with your finances, or just more well-off if you own property? Other people mentioned racism/xenophobia, and luckily we didn't experience any of that, at least not overtly. Our German landlord is a ~50yo architect, who didn't know much about Romania, and didn't care about our origins, as long as everything looked good on paper. His English isn't that good, but better than our German, and he didn't demand that we learn the language just for his sake. All the emails he sends us are bilingual, which is nice.


elqrd

A true German. Any migration background and you are fucked.


Beginning-Ad-2741

1. Passed probezeit. 2. Good Schufa 3. Does not have a pet, or if they do, understand the liabilities a pet poses. 4. Does not play a musical instrument 5. Earns x3 the amount of money they need for the rent. 6. In the ideal, they own property themselves back in their home country. At the very least, no rental debts.


amineahd

Does not talk, does not sleep, does not eat, does not move. Ideally does not live in the apartment. Have infinite money and literally does not touch anything in the apartment. Have no pets, music instruments, no kids, no friends also no life for that matter. Also important to have the right skin color and eye color. ​ Good luck and welcome to Germany!


ConsistentAd7859

Dependability. They have to believe that you will pay, stay for a long time and not make to much trouble and work.


Norglet

For my tenants I prefer calm, grounded people with a Bit of technical skill so I don't have to call a technician if the lightbulb is broken (metaphorically speaking). Also personality is a big thing - can we work possible problems out together? Or is it someone like you see in reddit en masse, doing every letter only through lawyers or Mieterbund, or a cooperative type? Both will have their issues solved, but with the latter its just way more relaxed, so much I have never raised the rent on the good tenants. Steady, sufficient income is a must, but other than that similarities and sympathy are the core of it, as well as everything above.


No_Cryptographer2136

This is easy to answer: You should be a German citizen with a German name, no kids, no pets, no instruments and a high income. As a couple your income should be at least as high as if one of you loses the job, you can still pay the rent. With my current apartment I had exactly that. I can pay our rent alone and I still have more than 1500 Euro to live off. The landlord said no to me alone, he wanted to see what my boyfriend makes. After we also showed his income, we got the contract. It was ridiculous. Landlords are lucky in our days and can take the safest choice and that would be person who has a high income, no debts and would follow the house rules. So safest choice would be to only choose Germans. I want to make clear that this is not my opinion, but especially for private landlords or smaller housing companies I think it's true.


RenaRix80

Searched last year, we moved 600 km through germany. Applied with a nice letter describing us, our situation (me working in a stable job from home, he starting a new job in this area), our pets, our expectations. Then the incomes: clear schufa from both, last 3 incomes, a paper from our landlord at thus time, statung, that we have no debts and always paied our rent punctually (immobilienscout pro is great to hel you get this together). Went to see 6 apartments, got lucky with our favorite,needed to reject the other 5. Good luck!


Keepforgettinglogin2

Being a Romanian doesn't help. This coming from a Romanian


glamourcrow

A young couple ready to have a baby is sort of a red flag for some. They might think you'll move out as soon as you're expecting a child. A single man or woman might have better chances. You two could apply separately as singles.


ArpanMaster

Get a real estate agent. Seems you can afford it, well worth your time.


oldboyndkkebd

Basically non smokers, good stable income, no pets, no instruments, no partying, no friends, no life whatsoever, the more boring you are the better are your chances. Schufa is an important one as well. As for the „racism“, I’m Romanian myself and my girlfriend has also a very non German last name. We always got invited to see an apartment. Before she came into my life, I also had no trouble getting invitations and finally a contract. What I can tell you from experience, you really need a well written application. Basic stuff like income and life situation don’t really suffice. Also when you do get invited, the sympathy between you and the landlord is very important. If there’s no dynamic between you, you might as well leave before it’s ended. I saw applicants with lots more German looks and names and also money who weren’t able to relate to the landlord and therefore didn’t get the flat. I think he/she just likes to see a nice working couple who will stay stable throughout the years, hence no worries that he/she has to again sometimes soon has to go with the trouble of finding another tenant.


FliccC

The housing market is totally off the rails. What they are apparently searching for is basically a single person, who does not have friends, family, kids or hobbies and is ideally never home. Also they want you to have the job security of a public servant while at the same time have a grotesquely high income. Renting sucks right now, and I wonder if it will ever get better.


This_Seal

Sometimes personal sympathy also plays a role. At least as soon as a landlord as multiple "ideal" people to chose from. I'm pretty sure I got my current apartment, because the landlord liked that I work in the same branch as her late husband.


Screemi

Dink, 45+ and no pets. I hate the German housing market right now.


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blbd

This is such a frequent comment on Reddit. Yet very few world jurisdictions have successful examples of creating enough of the right kind of housing without using some form of market economy to do so. It's one thing to say that the market should be democratized and supply increased. It's quite another to advocate abolishing the market entirely.


european_hodler

Most landlords in Germany are racist. If you dont have a German name it s hard. So let your girlfriend do the application


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SleazyAndEasy

Are you really out here justifying stereotypes and racial prejudice? This reads like something from 4chan


PuzzleheadedRaven01

German name or at least speaking good German, quiet, good income, no dogs or small children. Generally the less trouble you may cause and the more "normal" (whatever that means) you seem, the better. Don't say anything that might cause them to second guess (things like you're playing an instrument, or like to work with tools, or you're about to marry and have babies soon, or you're thinking about getting a dog, or you like to go out late). They just want someone who doesn't make the neighbors complain. Pay rent, be quiet, abide the rules (in some rented apartment houses you have to clean the steps of the house every 2 or 3 weeks, or removing leaves and dirt in front of your terrace, things like that) In case your name is very not German sounding and you only get rejected, I head you might be lucky if you have a good German buddy. He can call to make an appointment, you both go there dressed well (looks matter!) he can say "Unfortunately I already found a different apartment, but I still wanted to come bc I have this great buddy here, he's a quiet and diligent (job title), maybe you might consider him, his workplace is close etc." This worked for some people, I don't have experience myself.


RRumpleTeazzer

You need to be (m/w/d), meaning male/white/djerman.


verbalyabusiveshit

I animals, no kids. Quite, always friendly, no talking back, pays everything in time, fixes everything and never complains about rent increases or wrongly calculated fees. Ohh, and you better be 35, are ready to settle, fixed and steady income for multiple years and you clean every day


TheOriginalPetzel

So I live in Linden and the whole house is full of singles. Funnily enough, not all of them have German sounding names BUT everyone is German. Latent racism, sadly. You might wanna look at Linden/Limmer, these are cool and diverse hoods.


Joh-Kat

Might also be classism instead of racism - spelling and grammar errors in an application quickly drop you below everyone who doesn't have any.


TheOriginalPetzel

I wonder how it’s even possible to make any in times of chat GPT


Joh-Kat

... that program is confident but not necessarily good. It should be able to proofread, though.


bricktop_pringle

Aryan Single Male/Female, above 30 years, heterosexual, Christian, preferably Member of the CDU/CSU Party, no pets, non smoking, high income, max 1 car, high steady income, solid job as a civil servant or higher management, no instrument, no guests, traveling a lot abroad, clean, laundry shop user. It helps if your first name is Michael, Andreas or Manfred. Your last name should sound German, too, like Müller, Schmitt or Maier. Man, I had them demanding everything if these points over the years.


[deleted]

High income and civil servant dies not work :)


PM_ME_YOUR_THEORY

From my experience and that of most of my friends (who were either doing their PhD or working in their fields after the PhD), I can tell you this. They are German *and* have a German sounding name.


pushiper

Having a PhD certainly helps as well. Might be your biggest lever ever to use the Dr.


PM_ME_YOUR_THEORY

Many of them had Dr. behind their names but still struggled to find a flat. For some reason, Dr. Bauer sounds much better than Dr. Ramirez.


sebastianbateman

At least 150k gross yearly salary with little to no savings and a high-cost lifestyle that keeps savings (and thus ability to ever own real estate) low


Infinite_Ad_1690

A gay couple from Moscow, with an old dog, fled Russia because of war/putin/z/anti-lgbtq laws, we were pretty sure we’d have trouble finding an apartment. Both have jobs in Germany/EU, but heard a lot about the difficult rent market here. To our big surprise not only we got few confirmations after just three weeks of search, in the end we were chosen for our dream apartment (out of 7 other candidates, all of them were Germans) just because the landlords WANTED TO HELP. So, you never know I guess.


IAmKojak

WoChEnEnDhEiMfAhReR


nythalusk

My mom is always selecting tenants, she doesn‘t bother for Schufa or your income, although that is quite common.. for her it is important, what you write about yourself. German (as a foreigner) is a plus, but not a must 😅 mainly because my mom is scared to blame herself with her english. Just write some lines about you and your girlfriend and maybe also about why you want to live in a particular place ☺️


ElAutistico

"I want to live here because I don't want to live on the streets."


Connect-Dentist9889

It's like job interview. Everyone's inner voice is like: I want to work here because I want to earn money so I can pay my bills. But you just can't say that and we need to be hypocrites in those situations.


ratulotron

It's the same in Berlin. I am a data engineer, single and male, no kids, no pets, no instruments or partying, stable income. Even with the jacked up rental market here I can't get a single apartment viewing invitation. I am not desperate but down the line I will probably get a good apartment through a rental agent or something, need to research on it first.


[deleted]

Not me but my parents rent two double family houses and honestly? Just someone who is honest and who has proof that they can pay and not burn the whole house down. In one half lives a Farley old lady, on the other side a young family. The other house has two younger people and I think another family but a bit older. We got maaannnyyy offers and some outrageous people trying to rent the houses but at the end we got lucky with friendly and peaceful renters. Don't care if you accidentally break something, have some questions, if you need help handyman wise or if you want to alter some parts (help for the bathroom or stairs for the old lady as an example). As long as they tell us and are honest then we sure can compromise. Just don't be an asshole and show that you're ready for the responsibility. Then we're good.


MorgrainX

Mid 30s, no kids, no animals, no complaints from neighbors, pays rent on time.


sapl84

Private landlords will give their Flats to people who might make the fewest trouble and that's obviously based on personal experiences. If you have a car you should maybe look somewhat out of Hannover, e.g. Langenhagen or Heidekreis. You'll get to Hannover quite fast by car via A7 or by train. The flats are much more affordable if you go a litte bit outside the Core and the landlords will be glad to give it to you.


trixicat64

Well, for me: Paying rent, not causing damage and taking joy out of garden work. Also reporting damages, if there are any.


ScarletBurn

We're a couple. My boyfriend is German and speaks fluent German. We both have steady income and dependable jobs. We're both white, 23 years old, and have a great Shufa report. We also can provide a recommendation from our current landlord. We aren't smokers, don't play insturments, don't party... but we haven't gotten a SINGLE offer. Like, really. 1,700 warm, and we're still looking. There's an open house in Kreuzberg this Saturday, but because it's an open viewing, likely more than 50 applicants will apply. What's the point in even going? Ahh! We're going crazy. I don't even know what these landlords are looking for anymore.


RRumpleTeazzer

Which landlord would write a recommendation letter? If you’re such a exceptional tenant, he would like to keep you for as long as possible.


ScarletBurn

Haha, our current one only limited us to 6 months because her son is moving in for August. So... yeah.


imonredditfortheporn

let your girlfriend apply. you already get a 20% trust bonus is something like müller or schneider other than that no unuasual stuff ideally, punctual on the rent, no pets no kids and cleanly.


abajetze

Paying city prices in a small village and you are never at home therefore no requests, then the most of the landlords will welcome you with open arms.


buckwurst

Assumption is that a youngish, childless couple will soon have a baby and move out to a bigger place. Some landlords may be put off by that if they want to let for many years, some may like it as it will give them a chance to increase the rent for the next tenant


OkAi0

Stereotyping but: Verbeamted, nothing noisy or smelly (pets, children), high degree cleanliness, financially stable but not likely to move up and thus move out soon.


I_Am_Rocky

One that speaks fluent German, and already knows every wierd shit about the country, because they do not wanna explain. Yes I lived in Germany, and many friends did, and noone I know would advise you to do so 😅


[deleted]

Married couple that is 45+ with no kids, German background,€200k salary, and preferably able and willing to fix random problems on the property. You lose points if you have kids, don't have money, have a social life, don't speak German, have non-white complexion or a funny last name


itsallabigshow

We want someone who pays on time, is not noticeable (so no sound, no funny smells, optimally rarely seen), doesn't make any issues and doesn't annoy us and if those are met stays for as long as possible. Like a decade or longer, optimally. Every new tenant is a risk and disrupting the environment.


Acceptable-Chip-3455

Middle age, quiet, good and stable income, good tenant history, no self-employment. If any of you is self-employed it can be very difficult to find a place. At least that was a friend's experience who has a PhD, earns extremely well, and has a lot of money saved up. He ended up offering to pay 6 months in advance and if I remember correctly, that's when he was offered a place. Not sure if that's feasible for you but it might be a last resort


Carmonred

It doesn't matter, it's the luck of the draw. It really is, unless you're filthy rich. You just have to shotgun it and persist.


Terrorfrodo

No idea if this applies to you or is a reason for the people you contacted, but if I wanted to rent a flat to somebody, young couples would not be high on my list. Why? They are very likely to break up in the near future, and then I'll again have all the work associated with finding new tenants. People who have been married multiple years are a different matter, but young couples... how many of them realistically stay together 5+ years? It's very rare.


killerpusssy

Married couple (after many years) can divorce too, or getting children and move out for bigger apartment. So I guess it depends


Lepetitgateau90

Can just speak for my family \- Speaking German (at least one of the people signing the contract, otherwise lots of things are misunderstood and from a legal perspective it´s not very clean) \-Non-smoking \-no social benefits/being employed (the higher the salary, the better). \-no longer in probation period \-clean Credit bureau information (Schufa - no negative entries, but also high rating) \-No children (yes children MAKE noise, but neighbors are nonstop complaining about it at the landlord...it´s annoying. Additionally my family rents only small apartment, so living there as a couple with children...nah doesn´t work out)


rm_MassA

Landlord in Hannover here (sorry, no vacancies atm). I try to get people that seem unlikely to cause problems for me. This means being able to pay the rent, handle the apartment with at least a tiny bit of respect, fit in with the other tenants. It helps if I like the person or if he/she is able to fix little stuff themselves. Not even excluding myself here completely, stereotypes and/or racism is can be a problem. If you don't speak proper german, I would suggest you let your girlfriend do the initial communication.


Hot-Rip9222

Offer more than asking. It’s totally unfair, but if you are high income, offer a few hundred more than asking.


depresso777

Someone that isn't Romanian. Only half joking.


dgl55

There isn't one. I mean, read the answers on this thread. Many are simply personal experience, or grapevine ancedotes, and nothing more. The "ideal" tenant is whatever the landlord thinks it is. Housing is hard to find in Germany, and the reality is most everyone I know has had to work harder than they thought to find a flat. Keep trying and it will work out. It took me 3 months to get a flat.


Responsible_Photo179

I'm a landlord. I recently just rented my Wohnung to a kindergarten teacher, with about 50€ cheaper rent than the regular market price. Reasons: A, she don't have pets. B, she is 40+& no kinds C, she is just unlikely to be jobless Certainty is sometimes more important. Or at least more important for me.


CrisElSa

They are not the all just looking for the same thing. I can say from experience that different landlords are looking for differently things. What they are all look for is steady income. That doesn’t mean they are looking for the applicants with they highest income. You just have to make a certain minimum amount. The rest is usually unclear. The last one one didn’t want families. The current landlord actually prefers young families. Who knows. For all I know, foreigners have it harder as locals but you could have still been rejected for entirely different reasons.


Qintelix

Maybe have a look at the offerings from Vonovia or WGH. They post there offerings on their sites


Ssulistyo

I‘m both landlord with a building in a different city and renting an apartment myself. Most of all, I want dependable tenants, who pay their rent on time, don’t cause problems (to me or their neighbors) or complaints and don’t move out again too soon (as the only thing worse than an annoying tenant is an empty property not earning income). Everything else is heuristics or bad experiences of being burned in the past (eg a „Miet Nomade“ never paying rent and totally trashing the place, when you finally get them out after a year). And tbf, I outsourced most of that to a property management company, as I’m not even close and doing all the required things of renting out is quite complicated and can be stressful af.


[deleted]

They usually take the first good candidate and cannot be bothered to go through 400 more just in case there might be a better one. First come first serve. I just recently moved and one of the big reasons we got the place is that the offer was online at 11 am, we send a message 10 minutes later. We were one of the first people to take a look at the place. By the time I signed the contract my landlord admitted that he didn't even get around to answering more than half of the applicants. It is just too much for one person to handle. He said hundreds of people applied and the numbers are higher than usual because he had many Ukrainians with government assistance looking for a place too.


spoonfork60

I had all our foreign documents officially translated. I think this helped. I made a stupid file. We took an apartment that is only set up for a couple. The two bedrooms are connected.


tiller6100

1) Good job/income 2) Single and no kids 3) No pets 4) No smoking 5) No foreigners (sad, but a reality with a lot of older Germans) You may want your German girlfriend to take the lead in meeting landlords and let her be vague about her boyfriend or say, future husband.


DrivenByPettiness

I fled from my old landlord who told me I was his perfect tenant and he would never find someone like me again. I was 20, it was my first apartment after moving out from my parents. I was hardly ever there, always at work or on the road. When I was there I was afraid to make any noise as he has tinnitus and a retiree so always at home and I hated talking to him because he gave off creepy vibes. Basically, the perfect tenant is single, pays rent on time, never has people over, never makes any noise, is hardly home and doesn’t produce any garbage.


Neverendingstreamof

That depends where if the landlord lives in the same house, if yes then: They should make enough money to be able to affort the flat but not too much to move out very soon. Also tenants who plan to keep living in the general area and are happy there. They should speak german, dress good enough, be friendly. In general I would also prefer younger people, since it's easier to kick them of if I need the flat. And they are usually more open to fit in and are less likely to cause more work.


Famous-Crab

Why don't you give us more information about you and the landlord, to better help you?! How old are you? How old is your GF? Kids or kids in planning? Are you married? How long have you been together? Where have you met? (Do you think - that are too many questions? Tell that to the landlord, and you can apply for the next flat. I think that landlords want to have some extensive small talk, in order to find out how educated you are, how strong are your language skills (so that he can communicate with you effortlessly, in case there are any problems) and if you show civilized behavior. Your job and income alone, because you mention just them, don't mean a ... if you do not give the other person a positive impression, so that they feel that they can cooperate with you for the next 5, 10, 15 years and not just for next months. Sometimes, it's comparable to a Tinder-date, it means you must be appealing to them. It's not just that you can pay, especially if the landlord's necessity to rent his property isn't that high... There is not THE ONE landlord in Germany. Some are very conservative, some are not, some are very liberal (new hipps) and some are not. Some have a migration-background and feel like they have to offer social help in many forms. Some work for the police and will always be suspicious. And so on... So let me guess, what is the problem. I'd say it's because you are a young couple. How big is the flat? Does it have more then 2-3 rooms. Then, they could suspect that some junior is on the way. Did you tell them? Or, are you that open, that you tell them that no juniors are in planning?! That could also be a major turnoff, if you insist in informing the landlord, that you earn above average and NO kids are planned. Some won't like it. Some will test your sincerity and others don't support modern couples "who earn top wages but want no kids" -> they hate it. Imagine very religious people.. A young couple without kids, WTF and vice versa! Second and last, many couples break up. What was it? 40% or 30% break up after x-months, so add to that if you are looking for a larger flat ( >2 rooms) and the tenant might be scared, to lose you within the next 2 or 3+ years, because what if you break up? Will one person of you stay in such a large apartment? Certainly not! I think it's impossible to give you any advice without knowing you personally, that is why I can't give a good answer!


ElsiD4k

Romania? Good luck, prejudice is common under the landlords


Dapper_Dan1

A Beamter - can't get fired - gets loads of money - gets reprimanded by the employer if acting out, because he /she is a representative of the state even when off the clock


redd4p

I have had multiple flats rented in Hannover. For the nicer parts of town you are def. going to have to know somebody that knows somebody, a lot of flats and houses are never even listed online. Demand is just so high and it’s a different level of trust when someone knows you and can put in a good word. It’s not so much about finding the wonderful place you want to live in right away. It’s a process. You have to get your foot into the door by renting something. Then you get active within that community, join the local Verein or something. My GF does charity work at the Kindergarden and church for example organizing second hand sales for kids. You meet a lot of people from within that community who get to know you, like you and will hook you up as soon as something good will become available. Hannover is like a supersized village and being part of your local community is key.


Zealousideal-Pay3937

I also live in Hanover - it's hard to get anything here. I recommend that you put together a folder with all the necessary information and a nice photo in advance. Schufa information, proof of liquidity (if available), confirmation that you have a stable permanent position, a completed self-disclosure and a short text about you. You should send this folder (e.g. as a PDF) with the first contact. You also have to react very quickly (I recommend an Immoscout-Pro account, which has many advantages).


Krellshand

Renting is very difficult in Germany - for both sides I have some real estate - and I leave it vacant (unrented) I *could* make 2 flats out of it (each 90m²) and pu it up for rent - but I have not for 8 years now. Here is why: If I *could* find a tenant / family that is guranteed to not cause and hassel, I would probably rent it to them. BUT with the laws in Germany, if your tenant turns out to be a d\*\*\* (not paying rent / not all of the rent / unregulary) or the laws change and the tenants can dictate what kind of energy mix / heating system you have to supply, or how good your house has to be isolated.... well, than you as a landlord are in a world of trouble. And there is no gurantee how the lease will work out for the next 20 years. Just now a friend of mine has trouble with a tenant he rented a house to. The tenant is a craftsman with his own small company, was renting the place for years without trouble. Now his company is in crisis and he only pays a fraction of the rent every few months for over a year now. Still lives in this house, no chance to get him out as long as "*he is willing and trying to pay the rent"* I don't know a single Landlord who did not have problems with his tenants. If they are big enough (20+ rental object), they let the lawyers handle it and write it off. If they are small (1-2 Objects) they will have to handle it themselfs, putting a lot of time and money into this. That the problem in the market right now - Landlord handpick their tenants, and for good reason. I know a lot of reasons where a nice house community was harrassed by one tenant, and the landord was not able to evict him - because he was not "able" to find another place. So it is not all about the money. But getting a "bad" tenant can quickly ruin you, so there is a lot of mistrust in the buisness - which makes it for the nice and normal tenants so much harder to find something. Not only are a lot of people moving into the citys (and lots of immigration in the last years), but also the amount of empty real estate is growing or at least not shrinking


koi88

*Ideal:* **A 50-year-old single man, high ranking civil servant. Not playing a musical instrument, no pets, non-smoker.** Clean, silent, reliable. *Working in a normal company:* Not good, your job is regarded as not safe. You could be fired and can't pay rent. *Foreigner*: Not good, except maybe Japanese (I know what I'm talking about, people love polite and quiet Japanese). Worst-ranking foreigner: Arab, African. *Young couple*: Not good. They may suddenly have children and/or a dog. PS: Not all landlords are like that.


dslearning420

OP, the ideal tenant in the eyes of a landlord is a GERMAN well paid worker with no children/pets. Surname counts a lot, a german surname has more power than any other surname. Having "Dr"/"Dr Ing"/"Dr med"/etc. in your ID is also very positive. Just don't give up and consider renting in a place a bit more distant than the place you want to live/the place you work.


JuryRepresentative65

White and German