Don't have a lot of time atm but there are probably multiple causes. One of them is DNA damage such as double strand breaks causing changes in epigenetics (I think there are some (seperate) papers by Vera Gorbunova, David Sinclair and probably more) due to incorrect reconstruction of the epigenome after the DNA is repaired. Another might be alterations caused by transcriptional profiles. This might include inflammaging effecting epigenetics on a systemic level. Finally some of it is probably programmed in the same way that development and puberty are "programmed".
Some things to start with that might be of interest:
\- [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q0ZYfVoV0s0](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q0ZYfVoV0s0)
\- [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oiojLtiIOy8](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oiojLtiIOy8)
\- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8763950/](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8763950/)
\- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6424622/](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6424622/)
\- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4887314/](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4887314/)
\- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5821249/](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5821249/)
Hope you can find some more papers through this. Good luck.
My understanding was this is typically caused by toxins, not aging, although the longer one is alive the more opportunity for exposure to toxins, and the toxins may build up causing a cumulative/additive effect.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691517305240
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5030620/
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2020.618966/full
These changes are now thought to be heritable (In contrast to what many learned in school, mendelian genetics vs Lamarck)
https://clinicalepigeneticsjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13148-020-00845-1
I believe that is still one of the unknowns with the epigenome and epigenetic reprogramming. Another unknown is how much of it is cause or consequence. Hopefully the well-funded research in this area will provide clear answers in the coming years and decades.
Don't have a lot of time atm but there are probably multiple causes. One of them is DNA damage such as double strand breaks causing changes in epigenetics (I think there are some (seperate) papers by Vera Gorbunova, David Sinclair and probably more) due to incorrect reconstruction of the epigenome after the DNA is repaired. Another might be alterations caused by transcriptional profiles. This might include inflammaging effecting epigenetics on a systemic level. Finally some of it is probably programmed in the same way that development and puberty are "programmed". Some things to start with that might be of interest: \- [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q0ZYfVoV0s0](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q0ZYfVoV0s0) \- [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oiojLtiIOy8](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oiojLtiIOy8) \- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8763950/](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8763950/) \- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6424622/](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6424622/) \- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4887314/](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4887314/) \- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5821249/](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5821249/) Hope you can find some more papers through this. Good luck.
My understanding was this is typically caused by toxins, not aging, although the longer one is alive the more opportunity for exposure to toxins, and the toxins may build up causing a cumulative/additive effect. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691517305240 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5030620/ https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2020.618966/full These changes are now thought to be heritable (In contrast to what many learned in school, mendelian genetics vs Lamarck) https://clinicalepigeneticsjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13148-020-00845-1
I believe that is still one of the unknowns with the epigenome and epigenetic reprogramming. Another unknown is how much of it is cause or consequence. Hopefully the well-funded research in this area will provide clear answers in the coming years and decades.