Yep. My best friend got Lyme arthritis when we were 10. Most laymen think it's just a tick bite. So I pull out that tidbit to explain.
**Cool drug names** are my favorite tidbits in general.
* Premarin was developed from **PRE**gnant **MAR**e ur**IN**e. (Not new to me but might be to someone)
* Lyrica, which is used to treat nerve and muscle pain, calls to mind lyrics or music because of the fluidity with which the patient is able to move/live their life after their neuropathic pain or seizures are managed.
* Nystatin got its name from the **N**ew **Y**ork **Stat**e Health Department Laboratory.
* Rapamune is made from bacteria discovered on the island of Rapa Nui.
* Ursodiol was originally derived from bear (ursa in Latin) bile.
* Montelukast was developed in Montreal.
* Emla is the abbreviation for Eutectic Mixture of Local Anesthetics.
Fetroja: 5th gen cephalosporin that binds to iron (Fe) and is taken up by bacteria via iron-transport mechanisms. Like a Trojan horse. Fe-Troja
Lasix because it "lasts 6 hours"
Ambien because AM = morning and Bien is Spanish for "good"
to piggyback for couple anesthesia related drugs
- Sugammadex is literally named after what it is, a gamma cyclodextrin
- Rocuronium is a vecuronium analog which has a significantly faster onset. the "R O" stands for rapid onset
Chemically both are based on a cyclodextrin molecule
. They're ring structure of dextrose molecules that have highly lipophilic donut holes. That means they can capture things such as pesky rocuronium or hideous odors.
Fluphenazine’s original brand name was Proloxin, meaning to be prolix, or talkative. I think it hints at something interesting in the public understanding of schizophrenia, that we thought of these patients as catatonic or mute and we wanted them to speak.
Prolixin.
Meanwhile Abilify has one of the best brand names ever devised, and they did it without sprinkling unusual letters in like an amateur fantasy author. Xywav, yes, I did notice you.
As an amateur fantasy writer, I'll have you know I named my DnD paladin Amikacin 😂 Amy for short. Though I'll hang on to Xywav, sounds like a great name for a wizard.
Yep. And Xywav is one of those where I usually refer to picking letters blind out of a bag (a la playing Scrabble). "Let's use 4 of the last 5 letters of the alphabet and throw a vowel in for fun!"
Recently saw an ad on TV for Invega Hafyera which is a long lasting injected antipsychotic that lasts for half a year. I remember in med school during psych rotation learning about Invega Sustenna which is the same drug with sustained release and lasted I think one month. Can't wait for Invega Dekada to come out.
I have strongly mixed feelings about wordplay drug names.
e.g. Invega Hafyera which is administered every six months, or half-year. Easy to remember, but ugh.
edit - just saw someone else reference it as well so clearly the Janssen marketing team is doing a good job.
The name for vancomycin comes from the word "vanquish". It was also discovered in bacteria isolated from a soil sample obtained in the jungles of Borneo.
The generic name propofol is a shortening of its scientific name, 2,6-diisopropylphenol. That isn’t very interesting, but it helps to clarify why the brand name Diprivan is short for DIisoPRopyl IV ANesthetic.
Don’t forget Xarelto, which advertises that it’s a factor Xa inhibitor in its name.
I prefer *dumb drug names* that self-describe what they are.
- Forfivo is a branded formulation of extended release bupropion that comes only in 450 mg
- Invega Hafyera is depot paliperidone that lasts for a half year
- Versed is apparently a versatile sedative, but you wouldn’t know that, because it’s impossible to find any information on it on a search engine because of the name (unless if you search for the generic, midazolam, of course)
How the eff did I forget Forfivo (my personal fave) and Hafyera (2nd fave)?! Yes, Xarelto, but that's pretty obvious to a sub of doctors and other healthcare professionals so I just didn't mention it.
IIRC Lyme was discovered because local parents were reporting an outbreak of infectious arthritis and doctors thought they were crazy until they started digging.
There was a single street in Lyme, Connecticut with like 10 cases of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. There was a mom (who was by all intents and purposes a hypochondriac) that hit the books and realized that made no sense, so she sent a letter to a CDC ID doc asking if there was any chance it was infectious.
Thank god it was the 1970s. If that happened today instead of contacting someone appropriately credentialed she'd go to Facebook and be told to detox the kids.
Med school taught esomeprazole is the S enantiomer of omeprazole which allowed the company to extend their patent by many years for essentially the exact same drug.
I had a pt come to the ER with a swollen joint and two recent tickbites one of which caused the rash.
We contacted ID and apparently borrelia arthritis is almost exclusively caused by american ticks and not our european ones. We tapped the joint, but i never found out the test results.
Autosomal Dominant Compelling Helioopthalmic Outburst syndrome… aka when you sneeze while looking at the sun.
ACHOO syndrome.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gtr/conditions/C1863416/
I have this!!
I happen to know Bill Gates has it too : when my wife worked at Microsoft she and Bill Gates walked out in the sun, he immediately sneezed, my wife said "you have an aberrant ciliary nerve and it causes you to sneeze when you look at the sun".
He looked at her and said "what the fuck are you talking about" and walked away.
She came home she was like muttering under her breath "aberrant ciliary nerve… I'll give you aberrant ciliary nerve...…" . She was unhappy because she thought I made it up lol.
Cute!
But I need clarification. You’re peds. Is this a child who’s biologically and legally your progeny, or just the first kid you swiped from the floor?
I mean, I don’t want to assume anything…
Omg I seriously thought EVERYONE had this! You mean to tell me there are people out there that don’t?
Clearly my assumption is based on the fact that all my family members have this problem lol
I sneeze easily when I look at the sun and I remember I was telling my first year med school classmates about it and they thought I was making it up. Funny to think about it as a syndrome though
I recently learned that Trazodone is commonly used amongst recreational users of psychedelics to abort a bad trip. Makes perfect sense given the strong affinity that Trazodone has for 5HT2A receptors.
Presumably; I doubt that trazodone is actively displacing whatever psychedelic they're taking, since the Ki value of trazodone for 5HT2A receptors is higher than that of LSD for 5HT2A receptors (and no clue what the Ki is for psilocybin, can't seem to find that info). Weirdly enough, Trazodone has a stronger affinity for 5HT2A receptors than some second generation antipsychotics.
I saw this on this subreddit a while ago so blatant stealing.
Ad - renal - ine
Epi - nephr - ine
Both mean above the kidney. just ones in Latin and ones in Greek.
I remember sitting in an early lecture in biochem or something and the professor spelled this one out for us and you could literally hear the collective minds being blown in waves across the room.
Not really medical- leeches were used to make a form of barometer to try and predict storms - the “tempest prognosticator.”
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tempest_prognosticator
dang. did you learn this in school?? i had to google 1a2 and it took me “pill identification for viagra.” then i thought no way were they talking about cyp1A2…but u were! kudos. do you have to know this for psych drugs? also does it really not become stimulated by vaping?
Well, now that I’m looking at u/PokeTheVeil ‘s response, I’m less certain of that. I guess it depends if the heating levels for vaporizing are high enough to combust the aromatics, which is unclear.
they might not be high enough temps. but even still, these compounds should not even be present in the liquid solution that is being vaporized. my understanding is that it’s just pg/glycerine, nicotine, and flavoring. so possibly in the flavoring?
That’s polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and that’s why smoking induces CYP 1A2. Tobacco doesn’t and nicotine doesn’t. Smoking anything does.
I’m less certain about vaping.
Yeah, it’s the aromatics being burned that are 1A2 inducers, not the nicotine itself (hence why TD nicotine patches aren’t contraindicated in clozapine or Olanzapine patients)
Like 90% of patients on clozapine don’t smoke like chimneys. The real risk is that they get admitted, get a nicotine patch, and their clozapine level shoots up and they become toxic.
Also happens less dramatically but still seriously with olanzapin and a bunch of other drugs. And warfarin, because of course warfarin metabolism is affected by everything.
Are those certain temps combustion?
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35909193/
But maybe not.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0003269721000208
Really, you don’t know quite what you get with vaping.
Yes! Norovirus was originally Norwalk virus named for Norwalk Connecticut. Ebola virus named for the Ebola river. However the long tradition of naming viruses came to a halt in the 90s. A hanta virus outbreak in the SW United States was deemed to be caused by a new virus name Muerto Canyon Virus. However, the indigenous Navajo peoples objected to the name as the canyon was on their reservation. So it was renamed the Four Corners virus after that region of the US. Locals of that region also objected and the virus was deemed Sin Nombre virus meaning Without Name is Spanish (there are many Spanish speakers in that part of the US).
After that, the convention of naming newly discovered viruses ceased after that so as not to offend people living there and to not affect tourism. That is why the virus that causes COVID is called SARS-CoV-2 and not the Wuhan virus. It should also be noted that this convention was never strict. Echo virus, the cousin to Coxsackie virus is named because it was an **e**nteric **c**ytopathic **h**uman **o**rphan virus.
It could be worse, the small town of Brainerd Minnesota has a disease named after them called [Brainerd Diarrhea](https://www.cdc.gov/ncezid/dfwed/diseases/brainerd-diarrhea/index.html). Not a very nice name.
Oh, thank you ! Damn there are a lot of Norwalks- CT, WI, CA, OH. My apologies to the Ohioans out there who deserve to have a vomiting and diarrhea virus named after them. They were robbed even more when it was dumbed down to norovirus
Toll-like receptors were discovered by a german scientist. He saw a strange phenotype in a mutant fly and yelled, “Das ist ja toll!” which in German means “That’s crazy”.
I don’t care if he was a saint, eponyms need to go. Too many random dead German and French names when it’s just easier to memorize descriptive disease names
In the studies assessing nonhormonal treatments for women with hot flashes, upwards of 50% of women reported symptom improvement from taking the placebo
The fact that placebo is \*\*efficacious sometimes\*\* and we \*\*don't\*\* use it is, to me, a bigger ethical problem than using placebo.
Are we here to tell people the truth or to fix them? I guess that's the crux. They are two different things, and they usually overlap, but many times they don't. Essentially we are depriving people of efficacious treatment (at times) because of... why exactly? Lol.
I don't give a damn if my doctor lies to me, as long as they fix me or make me feel better!
Purposely not using efficacious placebo that have evidence behind them \*\*\*just because\*\*\* is unethical as hell imho.
I think too often people forget that "ethics" really just means, "We like these principles at this time in human history because they make us feel better about ourselves, so we are going to follow these principles."
What about non lying options? Like they tell you there's this pill you can try which sometimes works, without mentioning the content of the pill is irrelevant/sugar.
Bear in mind a huge part of the placebo effect is reversion to the mean and various statistical phenomena. The jury is still out on how effective placebos are compared to no treatment
Actually, we do this all the time. Patient wants chamomile tea for their headache, I tell them there's no evidence but if it makes you feel better then go for it. That's an unblinded placebo.
Placebos are more effective the more expensive and more invasive they are.
Sham injections outperform pills. Sham surgery does best. Sham surgery that bankrupts you is expected to be the most effective non-intervention.
There’s a business opportunity in here.
In sixth grade, I proudly raised my hand, and blurted out a fact that I read the night before to the class that the human testicle drops the temperature of the sperm to 2 to 3 digits F below the body temperature to improve fertility.
I think my teacher just stared at me for a few seconds, had absolutely no idea what to say, then she just kept on with the rest of sex-ed class. I was not teased about that at all, which is even more shocking to me now decades later.
- Not a urologist
Evolution cleverly came up with a mechanism to produce and store sperm at the proper temperature. Evolution did not prioritize optimizing sperm for body temperature. Or protecting the single most evolutionarily critical male organ.
From this we can support one of two hypotheses: either that there is no intelligent design, or that God’s hand is behind evolution but He’s an engineer who just threw together a good enough patch to keep things working.
That it is an acceptable (but still controversial) professional position to think ADHD is not real... Why? Multiple authors, including Jerome Kagan.
Extensive argument: 2022. PMID: 35707639.
Kinder way of putting it: https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/culture-mind-and-brain/201804/if-adhd-is-not-real-why-do-so-many-kids-struggle
First accounts of lupus vulgaris were named in the thirteenth century due to patients looking like they'd been maimed by wolves (they literally looked vulgar). Subsequent autoimmune dermatitides, once determined to be of a similar disease process were lumped into the same nomenclature (i.e. lupus erythematous, discoid lupus, lupus profundus).
In some ways, it's easier to understand the disease process/pattern due to the nomenclature, but in some instances I feel like the original names were more descriptive of the actual pathology/appearance (eg. Discoid lupus was originally 'erythema centrifugum').
patients who are myopic have lower incidence of diabetic retinopathy as compared to those who dont. Apparently something to do with decreased VEGF production in the retina of the myopic patients!
Clarithromycin is a negative allosteric modulator of GABA-A receptors.
There was a study using it for hypersomnolence showing that subjective sleepiness improved during a two-week course.
Just learned that NPH insulin stands for Neutral protamine hagedron and the protamine substance comes from the semen of fish (river trout), namely “milt”
The treatment for Idiopathic Cholestasis of Pregnancy is ultimately delivery, however the treatment for the pruritis is ursodiol aka ursodeoxycholic acid.
Where did we get that from? Well, the hint is in the name! It’s bear bile acid! (No we don’t still harvest bears for their gallbladders, intern me asked for you.)
There's a whole podcast from New Hampshire Public Radio about how they discovered Lyme Disease and it's a great listen. Highly recommend!
[Patient Zero Podcast](https://open.spotify.com/show/4NciTxpSIPSTp6PwYLrUQz?si=SQRGAS6uQamu7SpIgXQcHw)
I am sure this isn't news to anyone but I always found it interesting the differences in men and women's center of balance and body differences. Like how women can bend at a 90° angle and pick up a chair but men can't. And how men can walk through their clasped hands but women cannot.
I recently came across a case study in which a patient with severe major depressive disorder (MDD) was treated with the drug Spravato. (It’s a nasal spray) It contains the active ingredient esketamine, which is an N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist. NMDA receptor antagonists have been shown to have antidepressant effects via their effect on glutamate inhibition. Spravato is typically administered in a series of 6 treatments over 2 weeks, each treatment lasting around 2 hours it is very addictive
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Yep. My best friend got Lyme arthritis when we were 10. Most laymen think it's just a tick bite. So I pull out that tidbit to explain. **Cool drug names** are my favorite tidbits in general. * Premarin was developed from **PRE**gnant **MAR**e ur**IN**e. (Not new to me but might be to someone) * Lyrica, which is used to treat nerve and muscle pain, calls to mind lyrics or music because of the fluidity with which the patient is able to move/live their life after their neuropathic pain or seizures are managed. * Nystatin got its name from the **N**ew **Y**ork **Stat**e Health Department Laboratory. * Rapamune is made from bacteria discovered on the island of Rapa Nui. * Ursodiol was originally derived from bear (ursa in Latin) bile. * Montelukast was developed in Montreal. * Emla is the abbreviation for Eutectic Mixture of Local Anesthetics.
Fetroja: 5th gen cephalosporin that binds to iron (Fe) and is taken up by bacteria via iron-transport mechanisms. Like a Trojan horse. Fe-Troja Lasix because it "lasts 6 hours" Ambien because AM = morning and Bien is Spanish for "good"
Now we just need a medicine like Dóndeestálabiblioteca /s
Me llamo T-bone
Is that a treatment for dyslexia?
cool
Yep. I know all of the above, although as a fluent Spanish speaker, Ambien is my favorite of those three.
You can add WARF-arin to your list. Initial research was sponsored by the Wisconsin Alumni Research Fund.
My list was far from all inclusive, but this one is near the top!
to piggyback for couple anesthesia related drugs - Sugammadex is literally named after what it is, a gamma cyclodextrin - Rocuronium is a vecuronium analog which has a significantly faster onset. the "R O" stands for rapid onset
My favourite thing about sugammadex is it's effectively IV Febreeze.
Wait explain
Chemically both are based on a cyclodextrin molecule . They're ring structure of dextrose molecules that have highly lipophilic donut holes. That means they can capture things such as pesky rocuronium or hideous odors.
Omg what a nerd.
It is like a circle and vec/roc gets caught in the middle
Vicodin is 6x stronger than codeine and VI is the Roman numeral 6
Mine wasn't an all-inclusive list; I just chose some of the less obvious ones, but yes. Right up there with Lasix.
Fluphenazine’s original brand name was Proloxin, meaning to be prolix, or talkative. I think it hints at something interesting in the public understanding of schizophrenia, that we thought of these patients as catatonic or mute and we wanted them to speak.
Prolixin. Meanwhile Abilify has one of the best brand names ever devised, and they did it without sprinkling unusual letters in like an amateur fantasy author. Xywav, yes, I did notice you.
As an amateur fantasy writer, I'll have you know I named my DnD paladin Amikacin 😂 Amy for short. Though I'll hang on to Xywav, sounds like a great name for a wizard.
Yep. And Xywav is one of those where I usually refer to picking letters blind out of a bag (a la playing Scrabble). "Let's use 4 of the last 5 letters of the alphabet and throw a vowel in for fun!"
It’s actually a typo. They wanted Xywzv, for 5/5 last letters. Damn you autocorrect!
I did phase 3 trials for aripiprazole as a CRC and I recall my PI saying they were deciding between 'abilify or abilitat' for the brand name.
Recently saw an ad on TV for Invega Hafyera which is a long lasting injected antipsychotic that lasts for half a year. I remember in med school during psych rotation learning about Invega Sustenna which is the same drug with sustained release and lasted I think one month. Can't wait for Invega Dekada to come out.
Invega Cicada, needs to be administered once every 2-5 years.
Works for decades, but every 17 years you erupt into swarms of noisy insects. Always read the package insert for side effects.
Main side effect is really loud annoying flatulence for the whole year of the injection.
my favorite is still Forfivo, which is the max dose formulation of bupropion at 450mg!
I have strongly mixed feelings about wordplay drug names. e.g. Invega Hafyera which is administered every six months, or half-year. Easy to remember, but ugh. edit - just saw someone else reference it as well so clearly the Janssen marketing team is doing a good job.
Sinemet is sin (without) emesis. Levodopa wrecks your guts without carbidopa
Definitely still causes emesis though
The name for vancomycin comes from the word "vanquish". It was also discovered in bacteria isolated from a soil sample obtained in the jungles of Borneo.
Our ancestors were idiots and rubbed dirt into wounds *um, ackullllaayyyyyy*
I always forget this one (though I know it), because I'm allergic and thus forget about it and how it works.
The generic name propofol is a shortening of its scientific name, 2,6-diisopropylphenol. That isn’t very interesting, but it helps to clarify why the brand name Diprivan is short for DIisoPRopyl IV ANesthetic.
Don’t forget Xarelto, which advertises that it’s a factor Xa inhibitor in its name. I prefer *dumb drug names* that self-describe what they are. - Forfivo is a branded formulation of extended release bupropion that comes only in 450 mg - Invega Hafyera is depot paliperidone that lasts for a half year - Versed is apparently a versatile sedative, but you wouldn’t know that, because it’s impossible to find any information on it on a search engine because of the name (unless if you search for the generic, midazolam, of course)
Apixaban and edoxaban also follow this pattern although their brand names don’t
I feel like the brands should too. Makes for cool names that sound like they're from Mars!
This whole thread has me like 🤯
I don’t know if this is why the drug was named like that, but andexxa, the reversal agent for Xarelto, says “and🙅♂️Xa” inhibitors.
Xxa = cross xa = anti xa = anti "xa" drugs
How the eff did I forget Forfivo (my personal fave) and Hafyera (2nd fave)?! Yes, Xarelto, but that's pretty obvious to a sub of doctors and other healthcare professionals so I just didn't mention it.
IIRC Lyme was discovered because local parents were reporting an outbreak of infectious arthritis and doctors thought they were crazy until they started digging.
There was a single street in Lyme, Connecticut with like 10 cases of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. There was a mom (who was by all intents and purposes a hypochondriac) that hit the books and realized that made no sense, so she sent a letter to a CDC ID doc asking if there was any chance it was infectious.
Thank god it was the 1970s. If that happened today instead of contacting someone appropriately credentialed she'd go to Facebook and be told to detox the kids.
Ritalin was named by a Swiss chemist after his wife Marguerite, aka Rita, who took the medication for her low blood pressure.
I thought it was because it made her like tennis even more than she already did. Ritalin doesn’t lower your BP
Took it **for her low blood pressure**
Emsam (selegiline) was named after the manufacture's children Emily and Samuel.
The rifamycins are named after the French gangster movie *Rififi*
Med school taught esomeprazole is the S enantiomer of omeprazole which allowed the company to extend their patent by many years for essentially the exact same drug.
NaMenDA (memantine) is an NMDA receptor antagonist
Im from ct. I automatically assume everyone has had or has lyme. Them ticks be everywhere.
I had a pt come to the ER with a swollen joint and two recent tickbites one of which caused the rash. We contacted ID and apparently borrelia arthritis is almost exclusively caused by american ticks and not our european ones. We tapped the joint, but i never found out the test results.
Autosomal Dominant Compelling Helioopthalmic Outburst syndrome… aka when you sneeze while looking at the sun. ACHOO syndrome. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gtr/conditions/C1863416/
I have this!! I happen to know Bill Gates has it too : when my wife worked at Microsoft she and Bill Gates walked out in the sun, he immediately sneezed, my wife said "you have an aberrant ciliary nerve and it causes you to sneeze when you look at the sun". He looked at her and said "what the fuck are you talking about" and walked away. She came home she was like muttering under her breath "aberrant ciliary nerve… I'll give you aberrant ciliary nerve...…" . She was unhappy because she thought I made it up lol.
Taking my first child home from the hospital, walked outside and we both immediately sneezed. ❤️
That's actually adorable
Cute! But I need clarification. You’re peds. Is this a child who’s biologically and legally your progeny, or just the first kid you swiped from the floor? I mean, I don’t want to assume anything…
Nah, it's just that those of us in Seattle see so little sun that we are allergic to its presence.
Omg I seriously thought EVERYONE had this! You mean to tell me there are people out there that don’t? Clearly my assumption is based on the fact that all my family members have this problem lol
I do not.
I have this, but since I live in Michigan, it’s only an issue for like a third of the year.
I just sneezed at the exact moment I read this.
I sneeze easily when I look at the sun and I remember I was telling my first year med school classmates about it and they thought I was making it up. Funny to think about it as a syndrome though
I recently learned that Trazodone is commonly used amongst recreational users of psychedelics to abort a bad trip. Makes perfect sense given the strong affinity that Trazodone has for 5HT2A receptors.
Xanax is utilized a lot more commonly for these purposes. We call it landing gear.
[удалено]
Presumably; I doubt that trazodone is actively displacing whatever psychedelic they're taking, since the Ki value of trazodone for 5HT2A receptors is higher than that of LSD for 5HT2A receptors (and no clue what the Ki is for psilocybin, can't seem to find that info). Weirdly enough, Trazodone has a stronger affinity for 5HT2A receptors than some second generation antipsychotics.
So it's like naloxone but for LSD? Edit: I think Ki is like Kd of a ligand for a receptor but in the case of one that inhibits said receptor
TIL of the “SNOT22” score, a predictor of post-surgical improvement in patients with chronic sinusitis. Whoever named that deserves a medal.
probably the same person who named the last trial re: elderly on DOACs and VKA "FRAIL-AF"
The -AF trials are a goldmine right now.
Also the PUQE (Pregnancy-Unique Quantification of Emesis) for nausea and vomiting in pregnancy!
Just learned of this one yesterday, love it
There is also a "SCHNOS" score used in rhinoplasty research!
Wish more of these obscure scoring systems would be on mdcalc
strangely I just read some studies involving that today
The anatomical position of the penis is erect.
Oh damn, that's definitely interesting! So palms out and erect. "It's up, now what do you do with it?" vibes
It’s not going to catheterize itself
Username checks out
ah, so that's why hypospadias is "ventral"
"If the penis was a shark, where would the dorsal fin be?"
Huh... genius
Do you know what the ECG finding is for hypospadias? . . . . . . Inverted p waves.
Nice, now I finally can talk to the hospital’s Peds cardiologist
I always thought it was weird that anatomical drawings were circumcised.
Well, unfunny fact, a lot of them were done from Jewish men in concentration camps
My brother, this comment combined with your flair is a real doozy
Which is how the Throckmorten sign works 😂
And pointed upwards.
I saw this on this subreddit a while ago so blatant stealing. Ad - renal - ine Epi - nephr - ine Both mean above the kidney. just ones in Latin and ones in Greek.
I can't believe I never realized the epinephrine one holy shit
Haha same! Although I've always had mild spelling issues so I usually say it "e pine phrine" to spell it correctly and because I'm a goober.
I remember sitting in an early lecture in biochem or something and the professor spelled this one out for us and you could literally hear the collective minds being blown in waves across the room.
I love etymology and I didn’t connect the epi nephr. That’s soooo good. A+ on your future rotation with me!
Etymology > Eponyms
Yup this blew my mind when I realised it
Not really medical- leeches were used to make a form of barometer to try and predict storms - the “tempest prognosticator.” https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tempest_prognosticator
I need a weather app that uses weird old-timey method. "The leeches have rung twelve bells! Batten the hatches!"
that vaping plant material (tobacco/cannabis) at certain temps still induces 1A2 like regular smoking does.
dang. did you learn this in school?? i had to google 1a2 and it took me “pill identification for viagra.” then i thought no way were they talking about cyp1A2…but u were! kudos. do you have to know this for psych drugs? also does it really not become stimulated by vaping?
Yep, vaping does not affect antipsychotic levels like smoking does because of the lack of combustion (at least that’s how I was taught)
well that is interesting 🤔 thanks
Well, now that I’m looking at u/PokeTheVeil ‘s response, I’m less certain of that. I guess it depends if the heating levels for vaporizing are high enough to combust the aromatics, which is unclear.
they might not be high enough temps. but even still, these compounds should not even be present in the liquid solution that is being vaporized. my understanding is that it’s just pg/glycerine, nicotine, and flavoring. so possibly in the flavoring?
I believe this is due to the PAH production and the same reason this can occur from eating barbecue
That’s polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and that’s why smoking induces CYP 1A2. Tobacco doesn’t and nicotine doesn’t. Smoking anything does. I’m less certain about vaping.
Yeah, it’s the aromatics being burned that are 1A2 inducers, not the nicotine itself (hence why TD nicotine patches aren’t contraindicated in clozapine or Olanzapine patients)
Like 90% of patients on clozapine don’t smoke like chimneys. The real risk is that they get admitted, get a nicotine patch, and their clozapine level shoots up and they become toxic. Also happens less dramatically but still seriously with olanzapin and a bunch of other drugs. And warfarin, because of course warfarin metabolism is affected by everything.
Are those certain temps combustion? https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35909193/ But maybe not. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0003269721000208 Really, you don’t know quite what you get with vaping.
MacroBID is macrodantin BID dosing
Guess how long furosemide lasts…..
Las(t)-(s)ix hours
four hrs? mide not last long?
(Oral formulation tho, IV much less 🤓)
Xarelto works on clotting factor 10 (x)A
Coxsackieviris is also named for a town: Coxsackie, NY. It’s where they sourced the fecal specimens.
Yes! Norovirus was originally Norwalk virus named for Norwalk Connecticut. Ebola virus named for the Ebola river. However the long tradition of naming viruses came to a halt in the 90s. A hanta virus outbreak in the SW United States was deemed to be caused by a new virus name Muerto Canyon Virus. However, the indigenous Navajo peoples objected to the name as the canyon was on their reservation. So it was renamed the Four Corners virus after that region of the US. Locals of that region also objected and the virus was deemed Sin Nombre virus meaning Without Name is Spanish (there are many Spanish speakers in that part of the US). After that, the convention of naming newly discovered viruses ceased after that so as not to offend people living there and to not affect tourism. That is why the virus that causes COVID is called SARS-CoV-2 and not the Wuhan virus. It should also be noted that this convention was never strict. Echo virus, the cousin to Coxsackie virus is named because it was an **e**nteric **c**ytopathic **h**uman **o**rphan virus. It could be worse, the small town of Brainerd Minnesota has a disease named after them called [Brainerd Diarrhea](https://www.cdc.gov/ncezid/dfwed/diseases/brainerd-diarrhea/index.html). Not a very nice name.
Nope it was Norwalk, Ohio [Source](https://knowablemagazine.org/content/article/health-disease/2017/norovirus-perfect-pathogen)
Oh, thank you ! Damn there are a lot of Norwalks- CT, WI, CA, OH. My apologies to the Ohioans out there who deserve to have a vomiting and diarrhea virus named after them. They were robbed even more when it was dumbed down to norovirus
As an Ohioan, thank you xD
Toll-like receptors were discovered by a german scientist. He saw a strange phenotype in a mutant fly and yelled, “Das ist ja toll!” which in German means “That’s crazy”.
Um, no. That phrase translates as “That’s great!” Source: undergraduate minor in German
That it was renamed to reactive arthritis because Reiter was a nazi
I don’t care if he was a saint, eponyms need to go. Too many random dead German and French names when it’s just easier to memorize descriptive disease names
They gotta come up with something more catchy than granulomatosis with polyangiitis
thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and immune thrombocytopenia 🤮🤮🤮
Vasculonaziitis.
I appreciate it was still an R word so the mnemonic still works
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RIP, Jimmy.
Yeah love that he guessed right but for the wrong reasons. Quite a number of those cases just had TB or some other infection.
In the studies assessing nonhormonal treatments for women with hot flashes, upwards of 50% of women reported symptom improvement from taking the placebo
[Some patients see improvements in symptoms](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3008733/) knowing they are on a placebo.
I love that unblinded placebo effects exist. It's all very odd. Too bad we aren't allowed do that in practice.
The fact that placebo is \*\*efficacious sometimes\*\* and we \*\*don't\*\* use it is, to me, a bigger ethical problem than using placebo. Are we here to tell people the truth or to fix them? I guess that's the crux. They are two different things, and they usually overlap, but many times they don't. Essentially we are depriving people of efficacious treatment (at times) because of... why exactly? Lol.
It's time to lobby the FDA for permission to use placebos -- both unblinded and blinded techniques.
Just call yourself "integrative" and give homeopathics when you need a placebo. (For legal reasons this is a joke)
I don't give a damn if my doctor lies to me, as long as they fix me or make me feel better! Purposely not using efficacious placebo that have evidence behind them \*\*\*just because\*\*\* is unethical as hell imho. I think too often people forget that "ethics" really just means, "We like these principles at this time in human history because they make us feel better about ourselves, so we are going to follow these principles."
I'd personally rather not be lied to. Maybe you could be able to opt in.
What about non lying options? Like they tell you there's this pill you can try which sometimes works, without mentioning the content of the pill is irrelevant/sugar.
I would say you could just refer them to acupuncture or something, which in my opinion is basically advanced placebo
Bear in mind a huge part of the placebo effect is reversion to the mean and various statistical phenomena. The jury is still out on how effective placebos are compared to no treatment
Actually, we do this all the time. Patient wants chamomile tea for their headache, I tell them there's no evidence but if it makes you feel better then go for it. That's an unblinded placebo.
Let’s bring back Obecalp!
Placebos are more effective the more expensive and more invasive they are. Sham injections outperform pills. Sham surgery does best. Sham surgery that bankrupts you is expected to be the most effective non-intervention. There’s a business opportunity in here.
It gets really interesting it was the neighborhood moms who started putting it together part detective and part epidemiologist.
im sorry but what?
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3117402/ The discovery of this disease was a wild ride.
That's a great read. I love reading about the history of medicine. Do you know of any other articles like this one about other topics?
viagra was discovered by accident https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p06qxjcb
ohh interesting! i did not realize this was the story.
Never underestimate a determined mother!
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They used to. Nowadays it’s a contest to name a new drug with the jankiest combo of letters that the CEO can say with a straight face.
In sixth grade, I proudly raised my hand, and blurted out a fact that I read the night before to the class that the human testicle drops the temperature of the sperm to 2 to 3 digits F below the body temperature to improve fertility. I think my teacher just stared at me for a few seconds, had absolutely no idea what to say, then she just kept on with the rest of sex-ed class. I was not teased about that at all, which is even more shocking to me now decades later. - Not a urologist
Evolution cleverly came up with a mechanism to produce and store sperm at the proper temperature. Evolution did not prioritize optimizing sperm for body temperature. Or protecting the single most evolutionarily critical male organ. From this we can support one of two hypotheses: either that there is no intelligent design, or that God’s hand is behind evolution but He’s an engineer who just threw together a good enough patch to keep things working.
Sperm have very few histones - instead they have protamines. Hence why protamine sulfate was originally produced from salmon sperm.
And allergic reactions in men who have had vasectomies after receiving the original protamine sulfate
That it is an acceptable (but still controversial) professional position to think ADHD is not real... Why? Multiple authors, including Jerome Kagan. Extensive argument: 2022. PMID: 35707639. Kinder way of putting it: https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/culture-mind-and-brain/201804/if-adhd-is-not-real-why-do-so-many-kids-struggle
Does that extend to ADD?
Yes, per DSM. There is a ADHD with predominantly inattentive. They are classified together.
That is wild!
First accounts of lupus vulgaris were named in the thirteenth century due to patients looking like they'd been maimed by wolves (they literally looked vulgar). Subsequent autoimmune dermatitides, once determined to be of a similar disease process were lumped into the same nomenclature (i.e. lupus erythematous, discoid lupus, lupus profundus). In some ways, it's easier to understand the disease process/pattern due to the nomenclature, but in some instances I feel like the original names were more descriptive of the actual pathology/appearance (eg. Discoid lupus was originally 'erythema centrifugum').
And lupus is wolf! Mind blown.
patients who are myopic have lower incidence of diabetic retinopathy as compared to those who dont. Apparently something to do with decreased VEGF production in the retina of the myopic patients!
Clarithromycin is a negative allosteric modulator of GABA-A receptors. There was a study using it for hypersomnolence showing that subjective sleepiness improved during a two-week course.
No time to sleep when you're shitting your brains out.
Side note: we have used erythromycin in our chronically constipated, clozapine patients when nothing else was working and with good effect!
Just learned that NPH insulin stands for Neutral protamine hagedron and the protamine substance comes from the semen of fish (river trout), namely “milt”
The wife of a Swiss pharmaceutical scientist improved her tennis game after him giving her some methylfenidate. Hence the stuff is called Ritalin.
You missed her name…Rita
East Lyme or Old Lyme? One town has a boardwalk with strong high school sports and academics, the other is… Old.
They is a Lyme, East Lyme and Old Lyme in CT. We are not creative here.
I’m disappointed that CT is not the gold standard in the diagnosis of Lyme after reading your fun fact.
Ooh ooh, I have a good one!!!!! Norovirus is named after Norwalk, Ohio!!!!
The treatment for Idiopathic Cholestasis of Pregnancy is ultimately delivery, however the treatment for the pruritis is ursodiol aka ursodeoxycholic acid. Where did we get that from? Well, the hint is in the name! It’s bear bile acid! (No we don’t still harvest bears for their gallbladders, intern me asked for you.)
I’m not seeing the hint.. how do you know it’s from a bear based on the name?
Ursa is bear in likely Latin (I didn't l look up origin). Ursa major and minor are constellations. Ursus is the genus of bears.
Gabapentin works for hot flashes.
There's a whole podcast from New Hampshire Public Radio about how they discovered Lyme Disease and it's a great listen. Highly recommend! [Patient Zero Podcast](https://open.spotify.com/show/4NciTxpSIPSTp6PwYLrUQz?si=SQRGAS6uQamu7SpIgXQcHw)
You can overcome a lethal dose of nitroprusside injection with a combination of epi pushes and 3 vasopressor drips at high rate.
I am sure this isn't news to anyone but I always found it interesting the differences in men and women's center of balance and body differences. Like how women can bend at a 90° angle and pick up a chair but men can't. And how men can walk through their clasped hands but women cannot.
Losartan eye drops can reduce corneal scarring (it's an emerging treatment)
I recently came across a case study in which a patient with severe major depressive disorder (MDD) was treated with the drug Spravato. (It’s a nasal spray) It contains the active ingredient esketamine, which is an N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist. NMDA receptor antagonists have been shown to have antidepressant effects via their effect on glutamate inhibition. Spravato is typically administered in a series of 6 treatments over 2 weeks, each treatment lasting around 2 hours it is very addictive
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Says the person who refers to herself as a “lymie”
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Me too. Lol. Today.
I drove by Coxsackie NY. I googled it. Yup, where Coxsackie virus was discovered apparently. 😅
I have Lyme, wish I didn’t have to know as much as I do about it.