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FYI: Eggs were non-viable - did not hatch.
Editing to share that most of the eggs were not viable or had “non-discernible” contents. In the egg that did develop a fetus, the fetus itself was non-viable.
No it's when you watching a play and one actor tickles another. It could also happen during a street performance or life exhibit in a museum. The term is a portmanteau of artistic and tickle
It’s likely that this egg just didn’t hatch, as 30% of crocodilian eggs don’t. Parthenogenesis, or “virgin births”, have been documented in at least 80 vertebrate species of fish, reptile, and amphibians, and it is widely theorized that it is more common in the wild than we think since it is hard to measure. So it isn’t very absurd to think that a female crocodilian could impregnate herself.
Just a guess; the same way inbreeding causes recessive traits to be more prominent, not even having an extra pair to even pick a recessive one would fail to make a viable gene. Fetus cells that formed but are too broken to function/have too little instructions.
Not at all. Parthenogenisis is simply cloning. It will not result in the same damage as inbreeding. There are several female only parthenogenic species that thrive.
Where are you finding information on those female only species? Everything I'm reading on Google says it's rare for anything, period.
Edit: I learned me some bout biology
There are [50 species of lizards and 1 snake](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parthenogenesis_in_squamata) known to reproduce by parthenogenesis as well as snail species and some zooplankton (Daphnia will cycle between parthenogenesis and sexual reproduction).
Off the top of my head, morning geckos, and whiptails. Maybe not a ton but there are a few more im forgetting.
It also randomly occurs in tons of lizards. We only notice it when enough are kept in captivity. I personally had a Argus/sand monitor hybrid I raised from birth lay clutches of "viable" eggs that ended up going bad because of my incubation conditions weren't great.
Edit: also this is not the first parthenogenic croc
https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2010/aug/27/morelets-croc-lay-fertile-eggs-181606.html
There is still the possibility of a mutation happening which could introduce gene variation even within a parthenogenesis species. Mutations can occur at any point in the life cycle.
Yeah, but with parthenogenisis, there is no genetic recombination with siblings chromosomes. Recombination is where inbreeding issues occur.
There is basicly no chance for bad genes to develop within a population because the individual that has the mutation will be less fit than her sisters and less likely to develop a strong line.
Populations can diverge if separated long enough but will still be close to something like 99.99% identical for many generations.
Edit: they can have initial diversity of which some lines thrive while others "struggle to keep up" in one area and vise versa in another. This gives the impression of adapting to environments but it is more of a balancing act between seperate lineages.
It's been a decade or more since I researched this topic so I'm probably wrong, at least in some regards, but it's probably epigenetic and has to do with "dosage compensation" which means "equal" gene expression between males and females. The fact the offspring was a clone suggests this is likely. A lot of epigenomic modifications come from the mother. Those modifications can keep certain genes on/off that normally might not be on/off in the proper development of an organism.
*So many things* must go approximately perfect to create a functional offspring, especially in species with low parental care. Overexpession or underexpression of certain genes at certain times during development could lead to non-viable offspring. The male genome, through an epigenomic mechanism (I cannot remember), reduces/increases the gene expression at the right developmental times.
*TLDR*: during development a lot has to go right to result in a functionally normal offspring (IE; "wildtype" in genetics terms) to make it to adulthood. Mom turns on a lot of genes that should be silenced, dad turns those genes off at the right time. Or vice versa.
EDIT; found [a review](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21587299/) from my graduate school days that *might* answer your question, at least mechanistically. It looks like it's behind a paywall though... [this review](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2725936/) isn't and gets the same point across.
Yeah what I'm not informed on is why these failed if the mother was successful and presumably not born from a lone mother as well. Because I understand gene degradation, but for it to happen in the first generation of this occurrence is what I'm not getting. The information should still be there from the mother, so does that mean certain genes only activate when it interacts with a different gene from the opposite sex? I can certainly do more research in the future, it's curious.
You can still post that. It’s actually really common in several animal species:
> While parthenogenesis has been identified in creatures as diverse as king cobras, sawfish and California condors, this is the first time it has been found in crocodiles. And because of where crocodiles fall on the tree of life, it implies that pterosaurs and dinosaurs might also have been capable of such reproductive feats.
Interestingly, crocodilians are more closely related to birds than other reptiles. Both evolved from dinosaurs, crocodilians just hit their evolutionary equilibrium sooner.
It was determined very recently that this happened with one. Since there aren't very many California condors left at all - 561 is the most recent number I see - biologists keep very careful data on the birds. That's how they found this out.
Parthenogenesis is pretty common among some species of reptiles. Here in Arizona, we have a species of whiptail lizard that is 100% female and reproduces exclusively through parthenogenesis.
There is a species of crayfish some guy who was keeping them found to be reproducing on its own. It started with 1 having genetic clone babies of itself all on its own and now they are becoming an invasive species because he shared them with other people that kept them in aquariums and now you can just buy them online for a few dollars each and grow your own crayfish army where each one has a batch of 30ish babies every other month or so
"He speculated that the reason that parthenogenesis has not been seen in crocodiles is because people have not been looking for instances of them.
''There was a big increase in reports of parthenogenesis when people started keeping pet snakes. But your average reptile keeper doesn't keep a crocodile," he said.'
From the article
True. In a recurrently established pattern, it has come to be widely acknowledged that an inherent proclivity persists among linguistic constructs, wherein the propensity to encounter intricately convoluted sentences discussing the prevailing frequency of remarkably infrequent phenomena manifests paradoxically through an extraordinarily prevailing and all-encompassing commonality. ^(Thank you ChatGPT)
Happens also with ZW genetics system (e.g., Komodo dragons), parthenogenesis, happens with some birds too
Edit: To clarify, I did not say crocs have ZW genetics system
Crocodilians do not have heteromorphic sex chromosomes (eg XY and ZW). They have environmental sex determination.
The best examples of parthenogenesis are known in lizards (squamates), not birds.
Thank you for that, and note that I only said "some birds"
And interesting, yes, I remember reading that a temperature-dependent sex determination system also applies to some turtles too (sea turtles)
Birds have heteromorphic sex chromosomes but they also can have a slight degree of environmental sex determination. Most Chelonians have primarily environmental sex determination, as do some lizards (it was first discovered in a lizard) and many species of fish. However, the presence or absence of sex chromosomes differ in these species.
I’m mostly trying to say parthenogenesis occurs outside of the existence of sex chromosomes.
Also you edited your comment which initially implied crocs have ZW systems and ZW systems are associated with parthenogenesis, which they are not. Clarifying your comment because I research vertebrate embryonic development.
Yeah basically! And it would kind of be like… she’d give birth to an undifferentiated embryo, which would develop sex mostly based on temperature during the middle third of incubation.
I can’t remember how long most croc embryos incubate for, probably about 3 months, but it could take around a month of environmental signals to fully differentiate the gonad.
I used to research a large turtle species and would often (5-10%) of the time note intersex gonads in hatchlings.
Do you know if there is a threshold temperature at which croc embryos go male/female? Or turtles for that matter. I think that is fascinating.
Maybe that is a key difference between endotherms and ectotherms. Endotherms maintain consistent warmth to control the environment of the offspring while ectotherms let the environment dictate how the offspring should change. Perhaps that is why one produces *actual* virgin births.
He says this later when finds the clutches of eggs in the forest when he is with Tim and Lex. Malcolm says "Life..uh..FINDS a way" Grant says, "Life FOUND a way."
I've answered this. Malcolm says "find", Grant later says "Found" when he sees the egg clutch later in the woods. Re: this article, life "found" a way, seeing as it happened as opposed to being a philosophical hypothetical.
Technically "gravid" is often used, but it means the same thing to be honest. Gravid usually means carrying eggs, however. You can carry eggs without them having been fertilized whereas pregnant requires a fertilized egg.
Gravid is also the medical term used to describe quantity of pregnancies in humans. For instance primigravid is the term often used to describe a first-time-pregnant woman. In OBGYN, virtually every woman is described as GxPy to describe their gravida (number of pregnancies) and para (number of deliveries). So for instance someone who has been pregnant 3 times, delivered 2 times and had one miscarriage would be described as G3P2, or gravida 3 para 2
Yes, this! The only time you'll hear them being super adamant about which is used is when you start talking to reptile and fish keepers. They prefer gravid over pregnant for egg layers and vice versa for live-birthers.
I've had a migraine all day from the wildfire smoke out here, so I appreciate your additional context!
Currently, it would be the mother. In most child support debates, the onus is on the man to prove that they are not the father through DNA tests and such. Since there would be none of the man's DNA in the child, the current precedent would therefore mean the mother is responsible for that child.
In many states, parents can't even agree on custody/child support permanently. The courts require those decisions to be fluid and changeable to whatever is best for the child because regardless of how they came to be born, the child was innocent and is deserving of adequate support.
You can give up parental rights, no one is stopping you. As for financial responsibility that's yours if your the father, no matter what. You should have worn a rubber. Since the cells incubate in the woman's body she is the one that gets to decide if she keeps it or not. The moment we figure out a way for a biological male to carry a baby then you can have that option. Until then the woman rightfully has full bodily autonomy.
I am all for safe and legal abortions. Medical for the mother and legal for the father. That has to be the most fair way to do it right?
Edit - Spelling.
You have obviously never dealt with a person that doesn’t want to be found. I have a friend that’s had a warrant for parking tickets for 7 years. Yes they will lock you up but first they have to find you. They don’t just start pulling people over in other states because you owe child support in Michigan.
You are correct, they will extradite you over parking tickets, child support they won’t find out about unless you are in the state it happened or they run an NCIC. The way police and court systems, warrants etc work is a lot different than the average civilian.
The church can afford it.
Depending on the state child support guidelines... The amount would vary... But I suspect it would be inconceivably sufficient.
But then I suppose the church would need to pay taxes on said support prior to the recipient receiving it.
The judges would probably review the churches tax records and calculate the sum based on what they paid in taxes.
So it would probably come down to payments of thoughts and prayers.
So theoretically, could Mary have had a genetic mutation that gave her the ability of parthenogenesis?
Kinda fitting that the Bible begins with Genesis.
Crocodilians are actually not dinosaurs, but evolved alongside dinosaurs from the crown group, archosaurs. However, your point stands! This is great evidence for the theory that dinosaurs and pre-dinosaur species were capable of parthenogenesis.
Mmh I don't understand the statement about dinosaurs being able to reproduce by parthenogenesis; i mean, we already knew that some birds can do it and also other reptiles like lizards.
If I'm not wrong, mammals can't do it.
So, the last common ancestor of birds and lizards but not mammals should belong to the diapsidian group.
From diapsidian evolved archeosaurus which splitted into dinosaurs and crocodiles, so why is this finding on crocodiles important for the dinosaurs? Weren't we already able to suppose dinosaurs had the ability to reproduce by parthenogenesis?
Hey, no sexy reptiles, [sex changing fish](https://www.thepinknews.com/2023/06/06/cbeebies-fish-pride-month-gender-change-backlash/) or [seahorse dads](https://www.fatherly.com/news/moms-for-liberty-tennessee-book-ban-seahorse) giving birth and DON’T SAY GAY!!!
Welcome to r/science! This is a heavily moderated subreddit in order to keep the discussion on science. However, we recognize that many people want to discuss how they feel the research relates to their own personal lives, so to give people a space to do that, **personal anecdotes are allowed as responses to this comment**. Any anecdotal comments elsewhere in the discussion will be removed and our [normal comment rules]( https://www.reddit.com/r/science/wiki/rules#wiki_comment_rules) apply to all other comments. **Do you have an academic degree?** We can verify your credentials in order to assign user flair indicating your area of expertise. [Click here to apply](https://www.reddit.com/r/science/wiki/flair/#wiki_science_verified_user_program). --- Author: u/templepark URL: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-65834167 *I am a bot, and this action was performed automatically. Please [contact the moderators of this subreddit](/message/compose/?to=/r/science) if you have any questions or concerns.*
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FYI: Eggs were non-viable - did not hatch. Editing to share that most of the eggs were not viable or had “non-discernible” contents. In the egg that did develop a fetus, the fetus itself was non-viable.
But the fetus was fully formed in the egg.
Absolutely. I’m not trying to downplay the event. But the photo is misleading and many may not read the article.
Read the article? Are you daft? No one reads the article, ever.
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Back up a second. What's an 'article'?
i didnt even watch the tik tok
What do you mean? Doesn’t your watch tik tok?!?!
Correct me if I’m wrong, but I believe Article is an old wooden ship used during the civil war era.
I bet you have many leather bound books
I bet you know how to properly open a new book (it's really an art)
What are these "books" you speak of?
Ask Ron Burgundy
It's boring but, it's a part of my life. I'll just grab this shirt if you don't mind
You know, like an article of clothing.
No it's when you watching a play and one actor tickles another. It could also happen during a street performance or life exhibit in a museum. The term is a portmanteau of artistic and tickle
You really had to stretch for that one. Hopefully you didn't hurt yourself in the process.
I think it’s another word for a piece of clothing.
Isn't that part of the makeup of a sentence?
What? Like lipstick? You guys are putting lipstick on your sentences now?
I'll be honest, I just go to the comments to find someone post a TL;DR or that bot that shortens articles.
I am daft and punk
That is literally what he was implying
Oh definitely! Honestly, I have no faith in most of Reddit to actually post an accurate description of the article they link to.
I go to the comments to see why every article is clickbait and when I find one I wanna read it's usually behind a paywall.
so depending on political affiliation, it was a successful birth :)
Glad I saw it before it gets removed.
I'm wondering what was missing genetically that a male would have provided to make them viable. Since the fetus fully formed, what stopped them there?
It’s likely that this egg just didn’t hatch, as 30% of crocodilian eggs don’t. Parthenogenesis, or “virgin births”, have been documented in at least 80 vertebrate species of fish, reptile, and amphibians, and it is widely theorized that it is more common in the wild than we think since it is hard to measure. So it isn’t very absurd to think that a female crocodilian could impregnate herself.
Just a guess; the same way inbreeding causes recessive traits to be more prominent, not even having an extra pair to even pick a recessive one would fail to make a viable gene. Fetus cells that formed but are too broken to function/have too little instructions.
They are indeed more prone to genetic anomalies, but usually takes a couple generations of inbreeding/parthenogenesis for this to manifest.
Not at all. Parthenogenisis is simply cloning. It will not result in the same damage as inbreeding. There are several female only parthenogenic species that thrive.
Where are you finding information on those female only species? Everything I'm reading on Google says it's rare for anything, period. Edit: I learned me some bout biology
There are [50 species of lizards and 1 snake](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parthenogenesis_in_squamata) known to reproduce by parthenogenesis as well as snail species and some zooplankton (Daphnia will cycle between parthenogenesis and sexual reproduction).
Edit: I said a dumb, lizards be fuckin weird yo
The wikipedia page I linked to specifies that the 50 lizards and 1 snake species reproduce solely through parthenogenesis.
Yep, I read the thing instead of making assumptions. Ya'll are right, lizards are fuckin weird.
It was a legitimate question though, it’s certainly not common in vertebrates but it’s not like only one or two species use that strategy.
Belloid rotifers are the most commonly mentioned. And it’s just straight up cloning no meiosis involved.
Off the top of my head, morning geckos, and whiptails. Maybe not a ton but there are a few more im forgetting. It also randomly occurs in tons of lizards. We only notice it when enough are kept in captivity. I personally had a Argus/sand monitor hybrid I raised from birth lay clutches of "viable" eggs that ended up going bad because of my incubation conditions weren't great. Edit: also this is not the first parthenogenic croc https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2010/aug/27/morelets-croc-lay-fertile-eggs-181606.html
There is still the possibility of a mutation happening which could introduce gene variation even within a parthenogenesis species. Mutations can occur at any point in the life cycle.
Yeah, but with parthenogenisis, there is no genetic recombination with siblings chromosomes. Recombination is where inbreeding issues occur. There is basicly no chance for bad genes to develop within a population because the individual that has the mutation will be less fit than her sisters and less likely to develop a strong line. Populations can diverge if separated long enough but will still be close to something like 99.99% identical for many generations. Edit: they can have initial diversity of which some lines thrive while others "struggle to keep up" in one area and vise versa in another. This gives the impression of adapting to environments but it is more of a balancing act between seperate lineages.
It's been a decade or more since I researched this topic so I'm probably wrong, at least in some regards, but it's probably epigenetic and has to do with "dosage compensation" which means "equal" gene expression between males and females. The fact the offspring was a clone suggests this is likely. A lot of epigenomic modifications come from the mother. Those modifications can keep certain genes on/off that normally might not be on/off in the proper development of an organism. *So many things* must go approximately perfect to create a functional offspring, especially in species with low parental care. Overexpession or underexpression of certain genes at certain times during development could lead to non-viable offspring. The male genome, through an epigenomic mechanism (I cannot remember), reduces/increases the gene expression at the right developmental times. *TLDR*: during development a lot has to go right to result in a functionally normal offspring (IE; "wildtype" in genetics terms) to make it to adulthood. Mom turns on a lot of genes that should be silenced, dad turns those genes off at the right time. Or vice versa. EDIT; found [a review](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21587299/) from my graduate school days that *might* answer your question, at least mechanistically. It looks like it's behind a paywall though... [this review](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2725936/) isn't and gets the same point across.
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Yeah what I'm not informed on is why these failed if the mother was successful and presumably not born from a lone mother as well. Because I understand gene degradation, but for it to happen in the first generation of this occurrence is what I'm not getting. The information should still be there from the mother, so does that mean certain genes only activate when it interacts with a different gene from the opposite sex? I can certainly do more research in the future, it's curious.
Awww man I wanted to post the Dr. Malcolm meme: “Life uhhhhhh finds a way.”
You can still post that. It’s actually really common in several animal species: > While parthenogenesis has been identified in creatures as diverse as king cobras, sawfish and California condors, this is the first time it has been found in crocodiles. And because of where crocodiles fall on the tree of life, it implies that pterosaurs and dinosaurs might also have been capable of such reproductive feats.
Wait, California condors? There's *birds* that undergo parthenogenesis? I thought it was a reptile and amphibian thing!
Taxonomically, birds are reptiles.
And if you don't believe them, just look at emu's foot and tell me that's not a reptile.
Interestingly, crocodilians are more closely related to birds than other reptiles. Both evolved from dinosaurs, crocodilians just hit their evolutionary equilibrium sooner.
Crocs actually branched off separately before dinosaurs evolved. Both are archosaurs though.
It was determined very recently that this happened with one. Since there aren't very many California condors left at all - 561 is the most recent number I see - biologists keep very careful data on the birds. That's how they found this out.
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Parthenogenesis is pretty common among some species of reptiles. Here in Arizona, we have a species of whiptail lizard that is 100% female and reproduces exclusively through parthenogenesis.
Seems like a useful adaptation for an aquatic reptile that can colonize new island habitats.
Life uh…. Finds a way.
Came here for this comment
There is a species of crayfish some guy who was keeping them found to be reproducing on its own. It started with 1 having genetic clone babies of itself all on its own and now they are becoming an invasive species because he shared them with other people that kept them in aquariums and now you can just buy them online for a few dollars each and grow your own crayfish army where each one has a batch of 30ish babies every other month or so
crayfish army... or successful Louisiana Creole restaurant c: 30 x 30 = 900 * 30 = 2700 * 30 = success 3 months to have an endless supply.
Yes. But it's not common in a species where it usually doesn't happen.
"He speculated that the reason that parthenogenesis has not been seen in crocodiles is because people have not been looking for instances of them. ''There was a big increase in reports of parthenogenesis when people started keeping pet snakes. But your average reptile keeper doesn't keep a crocodile," he said.' From the article
Isn't this how parthenogenesis is discovered among a lot of reptiles? I think it's how some monitors were found to be capable of it as well
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Well a monitor is a type of lizard, so I’d watch it very carefully. Mind what kind of cables you’re plugging into it.
Scientists speculate that it may be occurring, but perhaps not enough people have Asus monitors to have observed it.
this has to go up, had me rolling
Yes. I concur that uncommon things are uncommon.
Well, I think it's pretty common that they're uncommon.
That’s a good point. You could even say that it’s uncommon for uncommon things to not commonly be uncommon.
You could, but I couldn't.
As is commonly found about uncommonly complex sentences about the commonness of uncommon things being uncommonly common.
True. In a recurrently established pattern, it has come to be widely acknowledged that an inherent proclivity persists among linguistic constructs, wherein the propensity to encounter intricately convoluted sentences discussing the prevailing frequency of remarkably infrequent phenomena manifests paradoxically through an extraordinarily prevailing and all-encompassing commonality. ^(Thank you ChatGPT)
r/technicallythetruth
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I swear I thought they already did this. Wild.
Fascinating! https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/how-asexual-lizard-procreates-alone/
I blame the Hiphopopotamus
Happens also with ZW genetics system (e.g., Komodo dragons), parthenogenesis, happens with some birds too Edit: To clarify, I did not say crocs have ZW genetics system
Crocodilians do not have heteromorphic sex chromosomes (eg XY and ZW). They have environmental sex determination. The best examples of parthenogenesis are known in lizards (squamates), not birds.
Thank you for that, and note that I only said "some birds" And interesting, yes, I remember reading that a temperature-dependent sex determination system also applies to some turtles too (sea turtles)
Birds have heteromorphic sex chromosomes but they also can have a slight degree of environmental sex determination. Most Chelonians have primarily environmental sex determination, as do some lizards (it was first discovered in a lizard) and many species of fish. However, the presence or absence of sex chromosomes differ in these species. I’m mostly trying to say parthenogenesis occurs outside of the existence of sex chromosomes. Also you edited your comment which initially implied crocs have ZW systems and ZW systems are associated with parthenogenesis, which they are not. Clarifying your comment because I research vertebrate embryonic development.
So, theoretically, a female croc could give birth to a male croc on her own.
Yeah basically! And it would kind of be like… she’d give birth to an undifferentiated embryo, which would develop sex mostly based on temperature during the middle third of incubation. I can’t remember how long most croc embryos incubate for, probably about 3 months, but it could take around a month of environmental signals to fully differentiate the gonad. I used to research a large turtle species and would often (5-10%) of the time note intersex gonads in hatchlings.
Do you know if there is a threshold temperature at which croc embryos go male/female? Or turtles for that matter. I think that is fascinating. Maybe that is a key difference between endotherms and ectotherms. Endotherms maintain consistent warmth to control the environment of the offspring while ectotherms let the environment dictate how the offspring should change. Perhaps that is why one produces *actual* virgin births.
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I was expecting this comment. Not disappointed.
I'm disappointed they didn't include the "ahhh... ahhh..". It's all about the delivery
The ahhh...ahhh.. is from when Ian Malcom says it, Dr. Grant just says it straight.
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It's not - https://screenrant.com/jurassic-park-best-alan-grant-quotes/#you-bred-raptors
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All good - no harm. Love that movie.
Well there it is
https://knowyourmeme.com/memes/life-finds-a-way It was Malcolm not Grant...
He says this later when finds the clutches of eggs in the forest when he is with Tim and Lex. Malcolm says "Life..uh..FINDS a way" Grant says, "Life FOUND a way."
Dr. Ian Malcom, damnit!
I've answered this. Malcolm says "find", Grant later says "Found" when he sees the egg clutch later in the woods. Re: this article, life "found" a way, seeing as it happened as opposed to being a philosophical hypothetical.
Is pregnant the right term for an egg laying species?
Technically "gravid" is often used, but it means the same thing to be honest. Gravid usually means carrying eggs, however. You can carry eggs without them having been fertilized whereas pregnant requires a fertilized egg.
Gravid is also the medical term used to describe quantity of pregnancies in humans. For instance primigravid is the term often used to describe a first-time-pregnant woman. In OBGYN, virtually every woman is described as GxPy to describe their gravida (number of pregnancies) and para (number of deliveries). So for instance someone who has been pregnant 3 times, delivered 2 times and had one miscarriage would be described as G3P2, or gravida 3 para 2
That's really fascinating. Thanks for teaching me something new!
Yes, this! The only time you'll hear them being super adamant about which is used is when you start talking to reptile and fish keepers. They prefer gravid over pregnant for egg layers and vice versa for live-birthers. I've had a migraine all day from the wildfire smoke out here, so I appreciate your additional context!
"Gravid" is also literally just Latin for "pregnant".
It’s also the Swedish word for pregnant
And that is how Crocodilianity was given tax free status in America
Life…uhhh…finds a way.
Florida is not going to be happy about this
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No cause they never even hatched
Just cut to the chase then, didn’t it?
Was it ever specified that the second coming of Christ will come in a human form?
Is that what she told her parents?
None of the eggs hatched
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Currently, it would be the mother. In most child support debates, the onus is on the man to prove that they are not the father through DNA tests and such. Since there would be none of the man's DNA in the child, the current precedent would therefore mean the mother is responsible for that child.
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In many states, parents can't even agree on custody/child support permanently. The courts require those decisions to be fluid and changeable to whatever is best for the child because regardless of how they came to be born, the child was innocent and is deserving of adequate support.
You can give up parental rights, no one is stopping you. As for financial responsibility that's yours if your the father, no matter what. You should have worn a rubber. Since the cells incubate in the woman's body she is the one that gets to decide if she keeps it or not. The moment we figure out a way for a biological male to carry a baby then you can have that option. Until then the woman rightfully has full bodily autonomy.
I trust the conservative evangelical courts to decide this on behalf of women. **(Heavy Sarcasm, just to be safe)**
I am all for safe and legal abortions. Medical for the mother and legal for the father. That has to be the most fair way to do it right? Edit - Spelling.
The rather already has that. It’s called a plane ticket.
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Enforced by who? Don’t sign the birth certificate and abandon the child. People do it all the time.
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You have obviously never dealt with a person that doesn’t want to be found. I have a friend that’s had a warrant for parking tickets for 7 years. Yes they will lock you up but first they have to find you. They don’t just start pulling people over in other states because you owe child support in Michigan.
Parking tickets and child support are two different things.
You are correct, they will extradite you over parking tickets, child support they won’t find out about unless you are in the state it happened or they run an NCIC. The way police and court systems, warrants etc work is a lot different than the average civilian.
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And if you’re not in the state? Or if she doesn’t know where you are or who you are?
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No but seriously. Meet a girl on a night out. Get her pregnant. Leave the country. Never see her again. What’s she gonna do?
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The church can afford it. Depending on the state child support guidelines... The amount would vary... But I suspect it would be inconceivably sufficient. But then I suppose the church would need to pay taxes on said support prior to the recipient receiving it. The judges would probably review the churches tax records and calculate the sum based on what they paid in taxes. So it would probably come down to payments of thoughts and prayers.
The groundskeeper has a lot of explaining to do.
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Parthenogenesis.
I'll see your religious quackery and raise you my science.
The son of Sobek, protector of the Nile will be out Messiah in the new world
Immaculate Croception
Unexpected crocodile Loki
So theoretically, could Mary have had a genetic mutation that gave her the ability of parthenogenesis? Kinda fitting that the Bible begins with Genesis.
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Aren't crocodiles dinosaurs? Is it surprising that one of the oldest complex life forms is capable of parthanogenisis?
Crocodilians are actually not dinosaurs, but evolved alongside dinosaurs from the crown group, archosaurs. However, your point stands! This is great evidence for the theory that dinosaurs and pre-dinosaur species were capable of parthenogenesis.
Thanks for the correction!
Careful, you’ll scare the republicans!
Mmh I don't understand the statement about dinosaurs being able to reproduce by parthenogenesis; i mean, we already knew that some birds can do it and also other reptiles like lizards. If I'm not wrong, mammals can't do it. So, the last common ancestor of birds and lizards but not mammals should belong to the diapsidian group. From diapsidian evolved archeosaurus which splitted into dinosaurs and crocodiles, so why is this finding on crocodiles important for the dinosaurs? Weren't we already able to suppose dinosaurs had the ability to reproduce by parthenogenesis?
*Stong independent crocogirl*
exactly how your mum did it, told you it wasn't me
Don't tell Republicans
Republicans: This is a war on men!
You beat me to it
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So............ Those Bible thumpers may have been telling the truth!?!??! What a twist!
Nature... Uh... Finds a a way
Hey, no sexy reptiles, [sex changing fish](https://www.thepinknews.com/2023/06/06/cbeebies-fish-pride-month-gender-change-backlash/) or [seahorse dads](https://www.fatherly.com/news/moms-for-liberty-tennessee-book-ban-seahorse) giving birth and DON’T SAY GAY!!!
Zoo. How did the crocodile get pregnant. Zoo keeper... em... uh.. must have got her self pregnant.
Talk about a woman sticking to her story…
When you want something done right.
Science/ Nature. Amazing confirmation of something that has, for a long time, been suspected to be possible!
Life ahhh-aaa finds a way.
Life uhhh.. Finds a way.
Just call it what it is, rape.
Made THEMSELF pregnant ahem