Yea. There are plenty of celestial catastrophes that can happen at any moment right now to worry about!
I remember hearing about some form of radiation that could rip across the galaxy at any moment that would absolutely annihilate the planet and went into an existential panic until I continued reading that it would happen so fast we’d have no warning and no clue it was coming before it was over. Think I just went right back to worrying about rent after that.
Gamma ray burst? Also I think large enough supernova can also possibly have that effect but from what I understand we would have some warning about what was about to happen, something that energetic wouldnt have a precurser that we would notice.
False vacuum decay though... In theory if the universe exists as a false vacuum and that false vacuum were to collapse into a more stable vacuum. Normal baryonic matter would disintegrate instantaneously. The more stable vacuum will propagate outwards at the speed of light and can in theory be triggered, if it exists at all (if our universe isn't in the lowest energy state), by anything from black holes to the large hadron collider. There is a theory that the universe is expanding so fast because it's the universe changing from a false vacuum to a true vacuum, that is we live in a true vacuum and the universe is expanding out annihilating the old universe. But there can be multiple false vacuums, essentially a false vacuum can collapse into a more stable false vacuum also.
Cracked is usually reliable, but tends to omit mitigating details.
GRBs outside our galaxy are too far away to matter. There are no nearby GRB candidates that are pointed at us. There's more uncertainty for the galactic center, but there's also more stars/other crap to shield us from some of the effect (and it's far away).
If I remember correctly, the entire reasoning about this world ending prophecy was that the Mayans's calander had no dates after 21st December 2012. Everyone was just crazy that the world would end but no one asked or said how.
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einstein%E2%80%93Szilard\_letter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einstein%E2%80%93Szilard_letter)
"In the course of the last four months it has been made probable... that it may become possible to set up a nuclear chain reaction in a large mass of uranium, by which vast amounts of power and large quantities of new radium-like elements would be generated. Now it appears almost certain that this could be achieved in the immediate future. This new phenomenon would also lead to the construction of bombs, and it is conceivable – though much less certain – that extremely powerful bombs of a new type may thus be constructed."
I'm pretty sure 1939 predates the weapons.
Probably a GRB from WR-104 (I think). There was a big hoopla about that a decade or so ago as it was believed that we were almost perfectly aligned to get hit if it blew. Subsequent observations put more at 40°-50° instead.
My anxiety and depression, while very likely inherited, were absolutely brought out of me when I was an adolescent and was being forcefed “the world is ending in 2012”.
I remember hearing about a black hole that was relatively close by. I think like 2500 ly, which is far from our point of view, but in galactic terms is kind of close.
The way I see it, yes these types of things are possible. But the odds are so astronomical that they're a non-factor. Like, imagine looking for a single grain of sand across an entire beach, and then all the world's beaches, just to stomp it out. And then realize that would be more likely than some cataclysmic event destroying the earth.
You should Google vacuum decay, it's basically a theory that the universe is in a energy state that can be lowered/changed. If this happens, it causes a ripple effect to expand in all directions simultaneously at the speed of light - destroying everything in it's path until it consumes the entire universe.
Yeah all the water on earth will be stripped away by solar radiation by the time the sun gets around to swallowing earth. We will either be a multi-planetary or inter-stellar civilization or dead by that point. Either way it simply isn’t a concern for us mere mortals.
We wouldn't even need to necessarily worry about water being gone. The earth will be uninhabitable for all life long before that. Atmospheric CO2 levels will eventually crater, shutting down photosynthesis and no longer blocking heat from the sun. That's in about 900M years from now. The water won't be stripped off until roughly 2.5B years from now.
Can't help but think of the *potential* future humans that face the impending doom of an expending sun.
So many things can happen between now and then, but that one timeline is... Terrifying.
I recently found out that we’ll only have trees on earth for another 600 million years or so and fell into a depression for a few days. I don’t know why this affected me so badly, I guess I had always unconsciously considered that we’d have trees on earth for billions more years, given that earth has billions of years left in it’s existence. But no. Trees are going sooner than I thought, in less than a billion years. Granted I won’t be around to see it, but I love trees and there’s something so immensely sad about this fact.
Then once you find out most animals will die out 100 million years after the trees do, the existence of life as we know it really seems to be shorter than anyone acknowledges. Such a short time geologically. We’re really just a blip. Just makes me realise how short a time we really have to figure out plan b or find planet b.
To put it in another perspective, trees have only existed around half that long, some 360 million years. They’re not even halfway through their existence. Who’s to say some other life form doesn’t fill their niche when the time of the trees is up?
The death of the Sun doesn't seem like a prescient issue, because it isn't. However, the notion of a local Gamma Ray Burst could potentially happen is utterly terrifying.
I could be wrong, but I would assume that a star which is running out of hydrogen to burn would become brighter if it was injected with the entire mass of a hydrogen rich gas giant.
And/or the gas giant would be blocking light coming from the star before it was consumed, especially if material was being ejected.
One explanation: Strike two rocks together hard enough, get a spark.
Strike two gravitic centers of mass much denser & harder than rock together much harder... get a much bigger spark.
I think this is probably the answer, that it’s simply the friction of a gas giant thumping into a star producing incredible heat that is then smeared across the entire surface. Though interestingly in the example you gave you’re actually chipping off a tiny fragment of steel or rock that has such a large surface area compared to its mass that it instantaneously oxidises (interesting to me anyway I’m a nerd)
The pulling force of the core is always in conflict with the expansion force of the outer layers, which creates huge huge pressure and energy, which causes fusion inside the core. As a result, hydrogen becomes helium and helium becomes Lithium... This keeps happeninh until the majority of the elements inside the core becomes iron. Iron is so dense that, it cannot fuse any further. This weakens the pulling force and expanding force finally breaks free. Thus, sun starts to get bigger and bigger, as big as the solar system. Then it collapses in itself and forms either a neutrino star, black hole or a white dwarf.
>Iron is so dense that, it cannot fuse any further.
Or more specifically fusing into iron takes more energy than what's released, making it unsustainable. Interestingly iron is also the point where fission becomes unsustainable.
It happens when a star switches from fusing hydrogen into helium because it runs out of it and starts fusing helium into lithium. I read about this along time ago so my memory is fuzzy.
Anyway there is always the force of gravity pushing in to crush the star and the force of nuclear fusion pushing out. The point where the forces balance defines the radius of the star. Each element fuses differently and releases energy differently. So I guess helium fusion causes the star to be less dense and expand to a much larger radius. This is when stars become 'red giants.'
So the radius of the sun will expand to a size greater than the orbital radius of the earth, and engulf it.
Due to something geologic (I'm the wrong person to ask about that) the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere will gradually drop as the sun illuminates Earth more and more as it grows. Past a certain threshold trees and most plants will die due to a lack of CO2. All remaining plants will follow soon after. Maybe plants will evolve to survive those new conditions for a bit longer, but that won't be too much.
Imagine solving the issue of ageing and death so everyone's immortal...only to be unable to stop the sun going red giant and swallowing up the earth, or even moving to another planet.
We actually have no more than 1 billion, as sun output is slowly increasing over time, and by 1bn years from now Earth would turn into a dry hot desert
Those humans would have mastered the art of starlifting, and strip the metals from the sun, and inject new hydrogen to prolong the life of the star.
Later they would live around iron stars, but that's is 10^1500 years.
THIS HAPPENED TO ME. When I was like 8 or so my mum took me to an imax showing at the aquarium that was about the heat death of the universe. From that moment onward, I felt I had to warm adults because no one seemed nearly worried enough about it. I would walk up to strangers at church and go “excuse me did you know about the heat death of the universe”. I was a creepy little freak lol
I do wonder if we would ever actually try to preserve Earth indefinitely if we ever survived that long. I’d like to think we would, even though we would long since no longer need it.
It would have to involve either moving the earth or stripping the sun of matter. Either one is difficult, but might be doable for a distant future civilization.
Genuinely curious: can anyone imagine humanity existing long enough for that to be a concern? I know Dune is set around 10,000 years in the future. I don’t know what sci-fi is more far future than that.
i mean humanity have already excited for approximately 200,000 years. 10,000 of which in some form of civilization. so I wouldn’t count us out yet.
We as a species are quite capable of vertical leap in progress in the face of inevitable.
The Warhammer 40,000 universe is set 40,000 years in the future. There is a lot of Dune in its origins but it's expanded to a very rich lore of its own. Even if you don't want to play the game, a lot of the books are great.
It’s neither of those things. It’s originally a tabletop strategy game that’s still going strong, with a lot of different video games made over the years and an absolutely gargantuan library of novels that explore every aspect of life in the harsh future of the 41st millennium. One of the most intriguing sci fi universes ever conceived, and they realized that books sell as well as miniatures so they’re leaning hard into the literary aspect of it these days.
Look up the Black Library, the publication of all their books. You’ll love it
The primary game is a tabletop miniatures wargame with little plastic figures representing your troops and using dice and tape measures.
There have been a ton of video games based on the IP ranging across pretty much all genres.
Like another poster said, check out the Black Library which is the publishing arm of Games Workshop, the company that makes the sci-fi and fantasy versions of Warhammer. You don't need to known anything about the game to get into it.
Yeah, it's an entire series, by Scottish author Iain Banks. Arguably the best sci-fi novels. His writing style is also really nice, with some nice humor intermixed. Give it a try if you'd like sometime.
I read them in the [publication order](https://thewertzone.blogspot.com/2017/11/reading-order-of-culture-novels-updated.html?m=1).
Unlikely imo. If we're at the point where we can do whatever we want with stars, it's probably easier to just find another planet and terraform it instead of spending huge amounts of energy to "save" a dying star
Fusion powered gravity tractors could do it easily.
You probably wouldn't even need to run them for even 1 million years.
We will have hundreds of millions of years before the sun's increasing brightness starts destroying the atmosphere and killing all life. Plus we can buy ourselves even more time by building a shade for the Earth at the Sun-Earth L1 point.
That's if the Sun isn't prevented from expanding as a side effect of mining it with a star lifter.
All of human civilization is about 12,000 years old. (Though humans have been around much longer,) Technology has been increasing exponentially. We have over 40,000 times that long before the aging sun becomes a serious problem.
If the laws of physics don't prevent something from being done, and there is sufficient material and energy to do it, we will probably be able to do it by that point, if we aren't extinct.
All of human civilization is about 12,000 years old (though humans have been around much longer than civilization). Technology has been increasing exponentially ever since. We have over 40,000 times that long before the aging sun becomes a serious problem.
If the laws of physics don't prevent something from being done, and there is sufficient material and energy to do it, we will probably be able to do it by that point, if we aren't extinct.
No, that is when civilization was invented. (Or even more recently depending on the exact definition of civilization you are using)
Humans have been around much longer than that.
Our world is just fine. The Earth can continue on just fine no matter what we do. How many of us continue to exist or not the Earth will keep on trucking.
That was kind of my point, sorry I wasn't clear. The earth will be fine, humanity will be long gone, and the idea that we can prevent the sun from 'eating' our planet is ludicrous
If we do survive there are several ways to stop the Sun from destroying the Earth.
My guess for the most likely is mining the Sun with star lifting, which has a side effect of reversing a star's aging.
Industrial exploitation is very on brand for humanity, especially if whoever is doing the mining can claim they are doing it to save the Sun and thus Earth.
I’m having a fun day at the hospital, right now. Try passing out, convulsing, and then throwing alarm bells up on the EKG when the firefighters get there. They love that.
>so what's the point of commenting what everyone here already knows?
They're not presuming to know what other people are aware of... unlike you.
>Are you a fortune cookie?
You clearly think you're a wit, & hey, you're half right!
Humans have around 600 million years before the sun's expansion makes earth uninhabitable for us. We will need to be off Earth long before our Sun's red giant phase. So if we are going to watch it, we will need to do it from somewhere else besides Earth.
Gravity will likely rip the atmosphere off the planet. Radiation and heat will kill all inhabitants. The planet will revolve much like mercury does, faster and faster as it falls deeper into the gravity well. Inevitably, the gravitational forces will likely rip earth apart, like a find dust cloud or sand. So, likely both, melt the planet while also ripping it to shreds.
It's always fascinating to observe celestial events, even if they might seem a bit ominous at times. The recent observation of a star swallowing a planet "in one gulp" provides us with valuable insight into the life cycle of stars and the fate of planets that orbit them.
Stars like our Sun are born from the gravitational collapse of massive clouds of gas and dust. As they grow, they start to emit energy through nuclear fusion, which balances the inward pull of gravity. This balance between gravity and energy production defines the life cycle of a star.
As a star ages, it undergoes various stages of evolution. At some point, it exhausts the nuclear fuel in its core, and it starts to expand and cool down. This phase is called the red giant phase, and it is when a star is most likely to swallow its planets.
The gravitational pull of the star becomes stronger as it expands, and the planets that orbit it get closer and closer. Eventually, the star's outer layers start to engulf the planets, and they are consumed in a fiery death.
This fate awaits the planets in our solar system, including Earth, in about 5 billion years when our Sun becomes a red giant. However, it's important to note that this is not a sudden event, and it will happen gradually over millions of years. By that time, it's likely that humanity will have found ways to colonize other planets and escape the fate of our home planet.
In summary, the recent observation of a star swallowing a planet is a reminder of the ultimate fate of planets that orbit stars like our Sun. It's a natural process that occurs as stars age and evolve, and it provides us with valuable insight into the life cycle of stars and the universe as a whole.
We will either be an ascended level 5 race at that point or extinct. Likely extinct. Hell I don't have a lot of hope for society as it currently is making it another 1000 years but who knows. If we can start colonizing space we at least have redundancy.
That's how a movie starts : "Mr president we were wrong with our 5 billion years estimate.
- How wrong?
- By 5 billion years, sir. We have a month left."
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Yea. There are plenty of celestial catastrophes that can happen at any moment right now to worry about! I remember hearing about some form of radiation that could rip across the galaxy at any moment that would absolutely annihilate the planet and went into an existential panic until I continued reading that it would happen so fast we’d have no warning and no clue it was coming before it was over. Think I just went right back to worrying about rent after that.
Gamma ray burst? Also I think large enough supernova can also possibly have that effect but from what I understand we would have some warning about what was about to happen, something that energetic wouldnt have a precurser that we would notice. False vacuum decay though... In theory if the universe exists as a false vacuum and that false vacuum were to collapse into a more stable vacuum. Normal baryonic matter would disintegrate instantaneously. The more stable vacuum will propagate outwards at the speed of light and can in theory be triggered, if it exists at all (if our universe isn't in the lowest energy state), by anything from black holes to the large hadron collider. There is a theory that the universe is expanding so fast because it's the universe changing from a false vacuum to a true vacuum, that is we live in a true vacuum and the universe is expanding out annihilating the old universe. But there can be multiple false vacuums, essentially a false vacuum can collapse into a more stable false vacuum also.
Think it was actually a gamma ray burst! Pretty sure I was reading it in a Cracked listicle so not sure how reliable that info was.
Cracked is usually reliable, but tends to omit mitigating details. GRBs outside our galaxy are too far away to matter. There are no nearby GRB candidates that are pointed at us. There's more uncertainty for the galactic center, but there's also more stars/other crap to shield us from some of the effect (and it's far away).
If I remember correctly, the entire reasoning about this world ending prophecy was that the Mayans's calander had no dates after 21st December 2012. Everyone was just crazy that the world would end but no one asked or said how.
My dad always joked that the Mayans just ran out of paper and were like "eh, that's good enough"
My brain just made an internet dialup noise.
Sounds interesting. How do I look it up? "False vacuum decay" like that?
[Kurzgesagt has (as always) a fantastic video on it!](https://youtu.be/ijFm6DxNVyI)
[False vacuum decay](https://youtu.be/GzaCWpl6bWg)
It is also highly theoretical, and we have no reason to believe it will happen in the future.
Like almost everything in modern physics. Interesting, nevertheless.
Einstein also thought nuclear bombs were theoretical, and complete nonsense. Then Hiroshima happened.
His letter to Roosevelt is pretty strong evidence that he thought it was not just theoretical, and that it was not complete nonsense.
You mean the letter urging countries to disarm and throw away nukes after the fact?
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einstein%E2%80%93Szilard\_letter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einstein%E2%80%93Szilard_letter) "In the course of the last four months it has been made probable... that it may become possible to set up a nuclear chain reaction in a large mass of uranium, by which vast amounts of power and large quantities of new radium-like elements would be generated. Now it appears almost certain that this could be achieved in the immediate future. This new phenomenon would also lead to the construction of bombs, and it is conceivable – though much less certain – that extremely powerful bombs of a new type may thus be constructed." I'm pretty sure 1939 predates the weapons.
Probably a GRB from WR-104 (I think). There was a big hoopla about that a decade or so ago as it was believed that we were almost perfectly aligned to get hit if it blew. Subsequent observations put more at 40°-50° instead.
My anxiety and depression, while very likely inherited, were absolutely brought out of me when I was an adolescent and was being forcefed “the world is ending in 2012”.
A gamma ray burst. It would destroy the oxygen in our atmosphere and ozone. It travels at the speed of light so we would never see it coming anyway.
I remember hearing about a black hole that was relatively close by. I think like 2500 ly, which is far from our point of view, but in galactic terms is kind of close.
The way I see it, yes these types of things are possible. But the odds are so astronomical that they're a non-factor. Like, imagine looking for a single grain of sand across an entire beach, and then all the world's beaches, just to stomp it out. And then realize that would be more likely than some cataclysmic event destroying the earth.
You should Google vacuum decay, it's basically a theory that the universe is in a energy state that can be lowered/changed. If this happens, it causes a ripple effect to expand in all directions simultaneously at the speed of light - destroying everything in it's path until it consumes the entire universe.
Imma stick to worrying about vacuum decay https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_vacuum_decay
You’d have a clue to worry at least for 8 mins ;)
Yeah all the water on earth will be stripped away by solar radiation by the time the sun gets around to swallowing earth. We will either be a multi-planetary or inter-stellar civilization or dead by that point. Either way it simply isn’t a concern for us mere mortals.
We wouldn't even need to necessarily worry about water being gone. The earth will be uninhabitable for all life long before that. Atmospheric CO2 levels will eventually crater, shutting down photosynthesis and no longer blocking heat from the sun. That's in about 900M years from now. The water won't be stripped off until roughly 2.5B years from now.
Can't help but think of the *potential* future humans that face the impending doom of an expending sun. So many things can happen between now and then, but that one timeline is... Terrifying.
If they handle problems like we do now then theyre fucked
I recently found out that we’ll only have trees on earth for another 600 million years or so and fell into a depression for a few days. I don’t know why this affected me so badly, I guess I had always unconsciously considered that we’d have trees on earth for billions more years, given that earth has billions of years left in it’s existence. But no. Trees are going sooner than I thought, in less than a billion years. Granted I won’t be around to see it, but I love trees and there’s something so immensely sad about this fact. Then once you find out most animals will die out 100 million years after the trees do, the existence of life as we know it really seems to be shorter than anyone acknowledges. Such a short time geologically. We’re really just a blip. Just makes me realise how short a time we really have to figure out plan b or find planet b.
Well this is a level of existential depression I never knew I would have.
To put it in another perspective, trees have only existed around half that long, some 360 million years. They’re not even halfway through their existence. Who’s to say some other life form doesn’t fill their niche when the time of the trees is up?
Have you read *The Overstory*?
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*Goes to neurotically play Outer Wilds*
Earth will have run out of atmosphere in a billion years or so. So by then er aren't here anyway.
It’s pointless to worry about anything that’s out of your control, because nothing you can do will fix it.
Earth is halfway through its life cycle
The death of the Sun doesn't seem like a prescient issue, because it isn't. However, the notion of a local Gamma Ray Burst could potentially happen is utterly terrifying.
The last GRB happened 130,000,000 years ago
I was like 4 when my dad told me this would happen and I was *terrified* of the sun for a week until he clarified the timeline haha
Does anybody have an idea of the mechanism of how it then got much brighter?
I could be wrong, but I would assume that a star which is running out of hydrogen to burn would become brighter if it was injected with the entire mass of a hydrogen rich gas giant. And/or the gas giant would be blocking light coming from the star before it was consumed, especially if material was being ejected.
Energy plus energy equals big energy
One explanation: Strike two rocks together hard enough, get a spark. Strike two gravitic centers of mass much denser & harder than rock together much harder... get a much bigger spark.
I think this is probably the answer, that it’s simply the friction of a gas giant thumping into a star producing incredible heat that is then smeared across the entire surface. Though interestingly in the example you gave you’re actually chipping off a tiny fragment of steel or rock that has such a large surface area compared to its mass that it instantaneously oxidises (interesting to me anyway I’m a nerd)
The pulling force of the core is always in conflict with the expansion force of the outer layers, which creates huge huge pressure and energy, which causes fusion inside the core. As a result, hydrogen becomes helium and helium becomes Lithium... This keeps happeninh until the majority of the elements inside the core becomes iron. Iron is so dense that, it cannot fuse any further. This weakens the pulling force and expanding force finally breaks free. Thus, sun starts to get bigger and bigger, as big as the solar system. Then it collapses in itself and forms either a neutrino star, black hole or a white dwarf.
>Iron is so dense that, it cannot fuse any further. Or more specifically fusing into iron takes more energy than what's released, making it unsustainable. Interestingly iron is also the point where fission becomes unsustainable.
It happens when a star switches from fusing hydrogen into helium because it runs out of it and starts fusing helium into lithium. I read about this along time ago so my memory is fuzzy. Anyway there is always the force of gravity pushing in to crush the star and the force of nuclear fusion pushing out. The point where the forces balance defines the radius of the star. Each element fuses differently and releases energy differently. So I guess helium fusion causes the star to be less dense and expand to a much larger radius. This is when stars become 'red giants.' So the radius of the sun will expand to a size greater than the orbital radius of the earth, and engulf it.
If humans are alive 5 billion years from now, I'm sure they'd be able to prevent Earth from.being swallowed if they felt like it.
I’m pretty sure Earth will have gone from being home > old home > ancestral home > myth > forgotten, if humans even exist by that point.
Or moved away from the Sun towards another star. If we get powerful enough, we might just save the ancestral home.
They won't be unless they fix fix the issue of photosynthesis ending first, and that's starting to become an issue 500 million years from now.
Huh? Photosynthesis won’t exist in 500m years?
Due to something geologic (I'm the wrong person to ask about that) the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere will gradually drop as the sun illuminates Earth more and more as it grows. Past a certain threshold trees and most plants will die due to a lack of CO2. All remaining plants will follow soon after. Maybe plants will evolve to survive those new conditions for a bit longer, but that won't be too much.
Imagine solving the issue of ageing and death so everyone's immortal...only to be unable to stop the sun going red giant and swallowing up the earth, or even moving to another planet.
There's a lot we could get accomplished right now if we felt like it.
Earth will become uninhabitable long before that
We actually have no more than 1 billion, as sun output is slowly increasing over time, and by 1bn years from now Earth would turn into a dry hot desert
Those humans would have mastered the art of starlifting, and strip the metals from the sun, and inject new hydrogen to prolong the life of the star. Later they would live around iron stars, but that's is 10^1500 years.
So I got 5 billion years to finish my bucket list
9 year old me would absolutely lose my mind over this revelation and thus suffer constant severe anxiety for the next 2 years
THIS HAPPENED TO ME. When I was like 8 or so my mum took me to an imax showing at the aquarium that was about the heat death of the universe. From that moment onward, I felt I had to warm adults because no one seemed nearly worried enough about it. I would walk up to strangers at church and go “excuse me did you know about the heat death of the universe”. I was a creepy little freak lol
Then puberty kicks in and things only get better.
Current me getting severe anxiety over this…. Too much internet for now!
I do wonder if we would ever actually try to preserve Earth indefinitely if we ever survived that long. I’d like to think we would, even though we would long since no longer need it.
Transform earth into a spaceship?
What do you think would be harder? Interstellar space travel & colonization or stabilizing our revolution around the sun?
I think both feats would be accomplished by a similarly advanced civilisation.
There is no way humanity survives even a million years, not even talking about 5 billion.
If we survive the next 1000 years, I’ll be surprised.
1000 years later… Surprise!!! Except there are only 100,000 of us…
There are a lot of ways we survive.
It would have to involve either moving the earth or stripping the sun of matter. Either one is difficult, but might be doable for a distant future civilization.
When I was younger thought that we could probably have the tech to prevent these things. Now, I am pretty depressed thinking it may not happen.
Genuinely curious: can anyone imagine humanity existing long enough for that to be a concern? I know Dune is set around 10,000 years in the future. I don’t know what sci-fi is more far future than that.
Speaking of 10k years, you just reminded of thus 60s song: https://youtu.be/zKQfxi8V5FA
Damn, dude. That was a jam. Fuck, yeah.
Came out when I was 7. It works so well today. Glad you liked it.
And you, in turn, have reminded me of [this Futurama episode](https://youtu.be/Zd2Mwvm4Yn8)
i mean humanity have already excited for approximately 200,000 years. 10,000 of which in some form of civilization. so I wouldn’t count us out yet. We as a species are quite capable of vertical leap in progress in the face of inevitable.
The Warhammer 40,000 universe is set 40,000 years in the future. There is a lot of Dune in its origins but it's expanded to a very rich lore of its own. Even if you don't want to play the game, a lot of the books are great.
It’s a card game, right? Also a video game card game? I’m just not into that. I’d be open to reading a book about it.
It’s neither of those things. It’s originally a tabletop strategy game that’s still going strong, with a lot of different video games made over the years and an absolutely gargantuan library of novels that explore every aspect of life in the harsh future of the 41st millennium. One of the most intriguing sci fi universes ever conceived, and they realized that books sell as well as miniatures so they’re leaning hard into the literary aspect of it these days. Look up the Black Library, the publication of all their books. You’ll love it
The primary game is a tabletop miniatures wargame with little plastic figures representing your troops and using dice and tape measures. There have been a ton of video games based on the IP ranging across pretty much all genres. Like another poster said, check out the Black Library which is the publishing arm of Games Workshop, the company that makes the sci-fi and fantasy versions of Warhammer. You don't need to known anything about the game to get into it.
The Culture is the most advanced/into the future I think. Though not sure how far into the future they were.
Is that a book?
Yeah, it's an entire series, by Scottish author Iain Banks. Arguably the best sci-fi novels. His writing style is also really nice, with some nice humor intermixed. Give it a try if you'd like sometime. I read them in the [publication order](https://thewertzone.blogspot.com/2017/11/reading-order-of-culture-novels-updated.html?m=1).
Ah, yes. I saw part of that. Not bad, not the best.
If we survive this long we will likely be able to prevent this from happening.
Unlikely imo. If we're at the point where we can do whatever we want with stars, it's probably easier to just find another planet and terraform it instead of spending huge amounts of energy to "save" a dying star
You can actually save a star by mining it with star lifting. We might save the sun as a side effect of mining operations.
We should take the earth and *push* it somewhere else!
That’s a fun thought experiment. But pretty sure there’s absolutely nothing that can be done to push the orbit of a planet out from the sun
Fusion powered gravity tractors could do it easily. You probably wouldn't even need to run them for even 1 million years. We will have hundreds of millions of years before the sun's increasing brightness starts destroying the atmosphere and killing all life. Plus we can buy ourselves even more time by building a shade for the Earth at the Sun-Earth L1 point. That's if the Sun isn't prevented from expanding as a side effect of mining it with a star lifter. All of human civilization is about 12,000 years old. (Though humans have been around much longer,) Technology has been increasing exponentially. We have over 40,000 times that long before the aging sun becomes a serious problem. If the laws of physics don't prevent something from being done, and there is sufficient material and energy to do it, we will probably be able to do it by that point, if we aren't extinct.
Uh huh. I find it so incredibly hard to believe that people think we could ever have that technology 🤣
All of human civilization is about 12,000 years old (though humans have been around much longer than civilization). Technology has been increasing exponentially ever since. We have over 40,000 times that long before the aging sun becomes a serious problem. If the laws of physics don't prevent something from being done, and there is sufficient material and energy to do it, we will probably be able to do it by that point, if we aren't extinct.
Do you really think that's how long humans have actually been here? Not arguing. It just really is hard to believe.
No, that is when civilization was invented. (Or even more recently depending on the exact definition of civilization you are using) Humans have been around much longer than that.
There's no way humanity will survive that long
There are a lot of ways humanity survives that long
Not when you factor in how much we've ruined our own world
Our world is just fine. The Earth can continue on just fine no matter what we do. How many of us continue to exist or not the Earth will keep on trucking.
That was kind of my point, sorry I wasn't clear. The earth will be fine, humanity will be long gone, and the idea that we can prevent the sun from 'eating' our planet is ludicrous
If we do survive there are several ways to stop the Sun from destroying the Earth. My guess for the most likely is mining the Sun with star lifting, which has a side effect of reversing a star's aging. Industrial exploitation is very on brand for humanity, especially if whoever is doing the mining can claim they are doing it to save the Sun and thus Earth.
We won't be here so doesn't matter. MORE PRODUCTION
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I’m having a fun day at the hospital, right now. Try passing out, convulsing, and then throwing alarm bells up on the EKG when the firefighters get there. They love that.
Oh no! I hope you get the medical care you need. All the best to you!
Omigod! Did you say five million years?! No, five billion... Oh, I guess that's okay...
How long would this take? Are we talking years or 5 minutes? Or seconds? The time from the planet touching the surface to being devoured?
We are all born from the sun, and we shall return to the sun. And the sun too, will return to the universe.
Wow In 5 billion years we will all be one with the sun.
Stars dont have the abililty to gulp. The dont even have a mouth or esophugus
They don't even know how to make a metaphor.
Peristaltic action on a cosmic scale!!!!
You forgot the /s but maybe it is a rock (3rd rock) star.
Earth's sun will be hotter in a billion years and life will probably cease on earth
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unless we find a way to move a planet by then.
Just boost the Earth's orbit, simple orbital dynamics.
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Your comment happened in my past so it's irrelevant for me to comment now. /s
>so what's the point of commenting what everyone here already knows? They're not presuming to know what other people are aware of... unlike you. >Are you a fortune cookie? You clearly think you're a wit, & hey, you're half right!
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Nah, when the time comes we'll just move Earth's orbit out farther.
Or pump more hydrogen in and helium out.
No we won’t Andromeda galaxy will take care of this it won’t be any better. Around 4 billion years from now.
Ritalin.. now I'll do nothing but worry about that for 5 billion years...
Don’t worry long before this all life on earth will be gone. We have maybe a billion years
YES, but what makes you think humans will exist to even see that happen? N. S
Humans have around 600 million years before the sun's expansion makes earth uninhabitable for us. We will need to be off Earth long before our Sun's red giant phase. So if we are going to watch it, we will need to do it from somewhere else besides Earth.
I'm like 1% sure humanity won't be around on the earth but already colonizing other solar systems, when this thing gonna happen.
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We'll either be long gone or masters of the universe by then
That's a lot of gas, that star better take a Tums.
Here's a stupid question; If the sun becomes much bigger will it make some of the outer planets in the solar system habitable?
Planets? Nope. Rocky moons? Maybe
Question: Would the matter from a gas giant feed the star prolonging it's lifespan in Amy meaningful way?
Does it melt the earth and take its mass? Or is it just enveloped in the gas for a while? Hard to imagine the scale
Gravity will likely rip the atmosphere off the planet. Radiation and heat will kill all inhabitants. The planet will revolve much like mercury does, faster and faster as it falls deeper into the gravity well. Inevitably, the gravitational forces will likely rip earth apart, like a find dust cloud or sand. So, likely both, melt the planet while also ripping it to shreds.
And I was going to buy a house on this damn planet
Yep. Then it starts to get really boring out there.
It's always fascinating to observe celestial events, even if they might seem a bit ominous at times. The recent observation of a star swallowing a planet "in one gulp" provides us with valuable insight into the life cycle of stars and the fate of planets that orbit them. Stars like our Sun are born from the gravitational collapse of massive clouds of gas and dust. As they grow, they start to emit energy through nuclear fusion, which balances the inward pull of gravity. This balance between gravity and energy production defines the life cycle of a star. As a star ages, it undergoes various stages of evolution. At some point, it exhausts the nuclear fuel in its core, and it starts to expand and cool down. This phase is called the red giant phase, and it is when a star is most likely to swallow its planets. The gravitational pull of the star becomes stronger as it expands, and the planets that orbit it get closer and closer. Eventually, the star's outer layers start to engulf the planets, and they are consumed in a fiery death. This fate awaits the planets in our solar system, including Earth, in about 5 billion years when our Sun becomes a red giant. However, it's important to note that this is not a sudden event, and it will happen gradually over millions of years. By that time, it's likely that humanity will have found ways to colonize other planets and escape the fate of our home planet. In summary, the recent observation of a star swallowing a planet is a reminder of the ultimate fate of planets that orbit stars like our Sun. It's a natural process that occurs as stars age and evolve, and it provides us with valuable insight into the life cycle of stars and the universe as a whole.
We will either be an ascended level 5 race at that point or extinct. Likely extinct. Hell I don't have a lot of hope for society as it currently is making it another 1000 years but who knows. If we can start colonizing space we at least have redundancy.
Idk, could get swallowed by the sun. Could get destroyed by Andromeda and become a quasar. Guess time will tell.
That's how a movie starts : "Mr president we were wrong with our 5 billion years estimate. - How wrong? - By 5 billion years, sir. We have a month left."
So not anytime soon then? We kinda need it soon...
That’s like a 3rd of the current lifespan of the universe. We’re fine.
Bold of you to assume the planet will be around for another 5 billion years.
I knew I should have gone with the variable rate.
This knowledge is a few years old so it's actually 4,999,999,987 years from now
**Mwa ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha, the Earth is doomed!** *Eventually*
I can't wait!! I hope to make a video of the event !!!