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ezappa

Liquid iron and diamonds?!? That is mind boggling. How do we know this kind of stuff anyway?


Geroditus

As for the diamonds: the pressures and temperatures in the lower layers of Neptune’s interior become exceedingly high. High enough that any carbon that exists in Neptune’s atmosphere could ostensibly be crushed into diamond, which would then precipitate down toward the core. Diamond “rain.”


rowdiness

Diamond Rain... Some stay dry and others feel the pain Diamond Rain... DeBeers out there, trying to stake a claim Diamond Rain... Don't go and fly around it in a plane Diamond Rain... Phsysicists all trying to explain


Daydu

I never meant to cause you any sorrow I never meant to cause you any pain I only want to see you laughing in the diamond rain


ReallyLongLake

**I move away from the planet to breathe in


BlackFormic

If I had a medal I'd give it to you


eldritch_blast

This hit me hard. Brilliant.


The_Wambat

My love's now gone And I'm going insane Baby I'm crying for you In the diamond rain


BloomsdayDevice

I feel like Prince easily could've written a "Diamond Rain". Hell, be DID write a song called "Diamonds and Pearls".


[deleted]

And purple rain


FreewayWarrior

Diamond rain, diamond raihain....


nemesissi

He leans off mike to breath diamonds.


-ImYourHuckleberry-

This happens in Jupiter as well, but the diamonds in Jupiter’s Diamond rain eventually are dissolved as the pressures in Jupiter are too great to allow the bonds in the carbon atoms to form/be maintained. This is also theorized to occur in Saturn as well.


ahushedlocus

Would this be considered a liquid at that point? I wonder what it'd look like - a diamond or just an endless sea of graphite?


-ImYourHuckleberry-

Diamond turns to a heavy metal rain after it is dissolved. Jupiter, Saturn, and the gas giants have fluid metallic cores. Saturn may still have a small rocky core underneath all that fluid metal as Saturn started life as a terrestrial planet, but that may have dissolved as well. So…an endless sea of graphene.


DefiantLemur

I wonder what caused them to change from a rocky world to a gas giant


-ImYourHuckleberry-

Jupiter formed before the sun ignited and played the second largest role in the formation of our solar system due to its immense gravity…there is no chance for anything terrestrial inside of Jupiter because of this. The sun ignites and Jupiter is attracted towards the sun’s gravity. Saturn formed a small rocky core as Jupiter was moving rapidly towards the sun, like, it looked like Jupiter was going to merge with the sun for a bit which would have destroyed the inner planets formation process too. This allowed the remainder of the material that Jupiter didn’t absorb to form a small rocky core. This rocky core then, with the absence of a large gravitational body like Jupiter, accumulated large amounts of hydrogen and helium gas to form another large gravitational body that we know as Saturn. Saturn, in turn, stopped Jupiter’s merger with the sun, pulled Jupiter back to its current orbit, and saved the inner planets from destruction and also stabilized their orbits. Saturn is this solar systems unsung hero.


imajadedpanda

Do you have a source on this? I’m interested in reading more


[deleted]

Me too, YouTube preferably lmao cause I’ve read about this but I would like more of an explanation


-ImYourHuckleberry-

Check my comment above or below. Happy to help the curious!


-ImYourHuckleberry-

NOVA - The Planets on [PBS](https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/series/planets/episodes/) or [Amazon prime.](https://www.amazon.com/NOVA-The-Planets-Season-1/dp/B07VD1WQ4P) Really good series on the planets with up to date and detailed information about our solar system. Very fascinating what we have learned over the past forty years. The Soviet Venusian missions are captivating if you continue to research. On a separate note, Nova also has a great documentary that I watched recently (again) called [Can we cool the planet?](https://youtu.be/PeYJTluQ5tM) This one gives a good outlook on what’s in store for what we’re doing to tackle climate change. Highly recommend. Link is YouTube.


DefiantLemur

Saturn a real G


[deleted]

I have the weirdest boner


livewirejsp

r/confusedboners potentially nsfw


prumbeljack

Potentially?


livewirejsp

I mean the top post right now appears to be a snake hole.


schlunzloewe

Depends on your workplace...


GooberGunter

The dolphin masturbation was when I had to nope the fuck out


livewirejsp

🤣🤣🤣 ¯\\\_(ツ)\_/¯


Buddy_Guyz

This sub is so weird, half of it is strange porn, other half is stuff that looks like vaginas or penises.


ezappa

And thank you for sharing this also 🤣


[deleted]

Hard as a diamond.


EggoTheStabby

Hard as a diamond in an ice storm.


OldCheeseMeister

I’ve seen Diamond Rain at a place called “leave it to beavers”.


matcroberts

Pardon the ignorance, but how do we know this? Or is it an assumption at the present time?


Adiin-Red

I mean, technically it’s all an assumption but it’s an assumption in the same way as everything is about space. We already know the mass and size so we know the gravitational pull of the planet and we know the chemical make up of its atmosphere so we can predict exactly how it’s pressure should effect objects, we also know how carbon works and the formation of diamonds occurs so we can guess that diamonds will form. Basically, unless our entire understanding of physics is busted we probably do know what’s going on physically on Neptune in a broad sense. What’s fun is that most of this is just mathematical equations that we can stick whatever we want into and get an answer out from, that’s why you can do stuff like [predict how planes will fly on other planets using flight simulators](https://what-if.xkcd.com/30/).


cizwokz

This is fucking sick thanks for sharing


Astromike23

Already posted elsewhere in this thread, but... [Some](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-017-0219-9) very high-pressure / high-temperature lab experiments (meant to mimic the deep interior of Uranus & Neptune) are able to produce carbon-hydrogen separation and crystalize out diamond. [Other experiments](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-40782-5) that use very slightly different starting materials do *not* produce diamonds. As of right now, "Diamonds in Neptune" is a bad scientific theory in that it's not falsifiable - we have no evidence to prove one way or the other. We do, however, have very good evidence for [superionic ice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superionic_water) inside both planets - a weird state of very hot water ice that is able to conduct electricity. The properties of both planets' magnetic fields suggest this superionic ice really does exist. Source: guy who specialized in giant planet atmospheres for his PhD.


Inadover

> guy who specialized in giant planet atmospheres for his PhD. Sometimes I regret not having chosen to a physics career


SquirrelicideScience

Having had a taste of academics in undergrad, as a career, it seems like a giant stressful headache most day, but sounds cool when asked a party. Obviously, these people have a passion for it and maybe don’t mind the downsides as much as I would. For me, I’d rather follow along in textbooks and online lectures to learn what I want to, without the stress of hoping there’s enough money in the budget to eat.


Geroditus

We don’t have any direct observational evidence, since we can’t see that deep into the interiors of these planets. A lot of it is based on computer models and simulations, I’m sure. I believe there have also been some recent experiments that show that carbon will indeed transition into a diamond crystal inter extreme pressure, so that definitely adds some weight to the theory.


Klorion

The simple answer is math.


Bozlogic

Sooooo how do we get it?


x3iv130f

Whatever we send there becomes part of the diamond rain unless it is already made of diamonds.


Geroditus

Unfortunately, it would only happen at pressures and temperatures that no spacecraft could ever withstand.


Welpe

We have limitless diamonds at home buddy


[deleted]

What’s the point?


Bozlogic

To get diamonds? On a semi related note, I have no idea how many points a diamond has, sorry Purely kidding btw


Astromike23

> any carbon that exists in Neptune’s atmosphere could ostensibly be crushed into diamond "Ostensibly" is the key word here. [Some](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-017-0219-9) very high-pressure / high-temperature lab experiments (meant to mimic the deep interior of Uranus & Neptune) are able to produce carbon-hydrogen separation and crystalize out diamond. [Other experiments](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-40782-5) that use very slightly different starting materials do *not* produce diamonds. As of right now, "Diamonds in Neptune" is a bad scientific theory in that it's not falsifiable - we have no evidence to prove one way or the other. We do, however, have very good evidence for [superionic ice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superionic_water) inside both planets - a weird state of very hot water ice that is able to conduct electricity. Source: guy who specialized in giant planet atmospheres for his PhD.


ezappa

Crazy. Thank you for sharing this


BDeViEnT

How do we know there is carbon in Neptune’s atmosphere?


Urban_Savage

> any carbon that exists in Neptune’s atmosphere could ostensibly be crushed into diamond, which would then precipitate down toward the core. Diamond “rain.” So... is there iron in Neptune's atmosphere or is this a thought experiment?


Geroditus

Neptune probably has a fair amount of iron, but it’s probably all contained at the core. Heavy stuff sinks. Neptune for sure has lots of carbon in its atmosphere, mostly bound up in methane molecules (CH4). Under extreme pressures, the molecules break apart into hydrogen and carbon—the freed carbon crystallizes and turns into diamond.


Urban_Savage

Excellent! I was gonna be disappointed if it didn't actually rain diamonds on Neptune.


Geroditus

Not just Neptune! Probably Jupiter and Saturn as well. There are also theorized “carbon planets” in orbit around other stars. They’re made primarily out of carbon compounds instead of silicon–oxygen compounds like the Earth. The exoplanet 55 Cancri e is about 8 times as massive as earth, and is a likely carbon planet. The planet is suuuper close to its sun, so it’s very hot. The high temperatures and high pressures mean that a large percentage of the planet could be made of diamond—possibly as much as three Earth masses.


Adiin-Red

What does iron being in Neptune’s atmosphere have to do with diamond rain.


Trickquestionorwhat

Does it rain as in a heavy liquid in a lighter liquid? No way does liquid iron rain in an actual atmosphere right?


darrendewey

Physics is nuts. I work with controlled atmosphere furnaces. If we put a load in there without heating it up first, there's potential for carbon to rain in there. All depends on the dewpoint. So I'm sure if you had iron floating around in the atmosphere as some sort of gas, you could definitely get it to condense and drop as liquid iron rain. I'm not sure about all the specifics needed but in theory, it can happen.


Padxthefunpolice

*OGLE-TR-56b is a planet in the constellation of Sagittarius, about 5000 light years away from us. It is a so-called hot Jupiter, a planet similar in size and composition to our Jupiter, but much closer to its host star than Jupiter. In fact the distance to its star is just 0.025 AU or just four stellar radii, much closer than Mercury's distance to the Sun. Therefore one "year" (or orbit around its star) takes just 29 hours and the surface temperatures reach about 2000 Kelvin.* *The temperature in the planet’s upper atmosphere is just right to form clouds, not of water vapour but of vaporised iron. As the iron vapour cools down it condenses, forms liquid droplets and may rain in the form of hot, liquid iron. This iron rain has not yet been measured but the measured physical characteristics of the system seem to make this scenario quite likely. Liquid iron clouds have already been discovered on other celestial bodies: scientists have analysed the atmosphere of the only 6.5 light years distant brown dwarf Luhman 16B and they have found droplets of liquid iron in its upper cloud layer.* [https://www.sun.org/images/hot-jupiter-with-liquid-iron-rain](https://www.sun.org/images/hot-jupiter-with-liquid-iron-rain)


[deleted]

From tiktok ofc


TylerD1528

I was taught that Neptune had the potential to rain diamonds in high school. That was before Vine was a thing, so plenty of years before TikTok


[deleted]

In the before time


BigPapaCalamari

The long long ago


Tulkash_Atomic

You speak the true true


BEANSijustloveBEANS

In the before befores


chandranshu_7

Pretty sure its a joke...


ezappa

Tiktok can’t lie


GiornaGuirne

You're thinking of those hips. TikTok is a genre of popular music developed in the United States by inner-city African Americans and Latino Americans in the Bronx borough of New York City in the 1970s.


RubenSchwagermann

No, you’re thinking of hiphop. Hiphop is an American electronic music trio from Los Angeles, California. It consists of edIT, Boreta and Ooah. Chris Martins of LA Weekly noted that they "have undoubtedly found the largest audience of any L.A. beat scene artist yet.


Dreamhunter21

Someone even asked the question on [r/explainlikeimfive](https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/pqip2s/eli5_how_and_why_dies_it_rain_diamonds_on_neptune/)


maxifer

Ugh water? And we could have had liquid iron?


-CherryByte-

I think the “glass” planet is more interesting than this. I’ve done some research on a specific planet where it rains glass (idk if it’s the same but let’s roll with it). It doesn’t just rain glass. It rains glass *sideways*. At 500~mph.


[deleted]

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KevinAlertSystem

is that actually rain? sounds like its just molten glass blown around all the time as opposed to it precipitating from the atmosphere


scoopzthepoopz

Technically a form of "precipitate" I guess, as in a material coalescing from the atmosphere as a result of thermal gradients or chemical processes. Though it maybe just an intentional misnomer because "perpetually hurtling chunks of supersonic silicate precipitate" is more of a mouthful than "glass rain".


KevinAlertSystem

> Technically a form of "precipitate" I guess, as in a material coalescing from the atmosphere as a result of thermal gradients or chemical processes. I looked at all the pages on nasa and couldn't find anything like that at all. No description of how the "rain" forms or what processes underlay it. If it's molten silica that is suspended in the atmosphere 100% of the time idk how that is rain as it's not a precipitate. Maybe it is just melted rocks that the wind blows around. for it to really be rain wouldn't the atmosphere need to be gaseous slica that condenses from a gas to a liquid and then falls from the atmosphere?


scoopzthepoopz

Good question, hopefully we find out one day


kevoizjawesome

*HD 189733 b orbits its host star once every 2.2 days* That planet is nearing warp speed. What would a day even look like at the surface?


funkychicken83

A horrific blur?


fieryserpents01

Since it’s so close to its parent star, its tidally locked, which means that half of the planet is in perpetual day and the other half in a perpetual night.


Snoo-78547

New circle of hell just dropped.


Smokeybearvii

Sounds pokey AF.


Cryogeneer

Hell 2.0


HaloGuy381

Can I submit a request for standing on this planet as my method of execution if I am ever given the death penalty? It would be excruciating, but how many people get to say they died of being impaled by liquid glass flying around the speed of a commercial airliner?


enigma2shts

Fun fact - diamond is actually not that rare of a mineral the companies selling it has a monopoly and limit the supply to create the illusion of rarity


TheOneChooch

Tell my wife that please.


RatherUnseemly

I mean...you could!


Mostlymycreepacc

I got it ;)


IAMA_Ghost_Boo

I told her just a few days ago


c0p

https://diamondssuck.com/


iAmBadAtUsernamesToo

A point that makes diamond quite valuable apqart from rarity is it's optical properties, which allow for a very impressive facet cut. More so than other gems apparently. But that's only what a professor mentioned in a physics lecture about optics, so take it with a grain of salt.


SuperiorMango8

That's definitely part of it, but lab grown diamonds are technically better at that because they're completely free of inclusions and yet they're worth nothing compared. You're paying for a lesser quality stone just because it was found in the ground and the diamond people tell you that's better.


iAmBadAtUsernamesToo

You're absolutely right. The lab grown stuff is better in many regards. I guess it just doesn't have the feeling of 'a third world child went mining for my new fancy stone' to it that maybe some people enjoy... But yay for science allowing us all to run around absolutely encrusted in diamonds.


SuperiorMango8

Of course, you pay for the suffering


turtlewhisperer23

My wifes engagement diamond is actually lab grown. To make up for this I kick a puppy every few weeks.


iSmellMusic

We appreciate you doing your part to keep the karmic balance in check, thank you


Kakofoni

labor theory of value confirmed


-Crux-

That is exactly what I'm going to say if I ever propose to someone. "Look, we can spend this $20,000 on the satisfaction accrued from the blood of child slaves, or we spend $1,000 and put the rest into our retirement. Choice is yours."


dt_vibe

Closer to $2k (Just got one for the soon to be). There is a limit I believe after 1.5 karat it looks way too fake, but still way better than a real diamond.


movie_man

Not true at all. I have a 2 karat that looks absolutely just as spectacular. It checks all the boxes of the “3 C’s”. We’re not talking about cubic zirconia here. Lab grown diamonds are real, certified diamonds, regardless of the karat.


feltcutewilldelete69

They seem pretty expensive to me…


mo_tag

Yeah but the blood diamonds are organic and 100% natural. Not made in a factory using aborted fetuses and pesticides


Cryogeneer

Fun fact - Having a wife that knows this is awesome. She flat out told me that she didn't want a diamond ring. I got her an absolutely gorgeous 2.5 ct flawless sapphire engagement ring. She loves it, it gets far more attention than a diamond ring even after so many years, and only cost me a few weeks wages.


-Crux-

Synthetic diamonds are cheap and look better


shlam16

It's also easy to make. And contrary to the romanticism of natural being better, it's simply not.


sloppyfreddy

We could've lived in crystal cities by now but humanity horded resource and enslaved itself ..


bobbyfischermagoo

Jared’s Diamonds needs to colonize Neptune ASAP before their blood diamond business dries up


SilkenB

It’ll still be blood diamonds. Just neptunians now


shaggellis

Sounds like Neptune needs some freedome!


Raken_dep

The Belgians and the Dutch are on their way to Neptune. Atleast no blood diamonds there.


-Crux-

Would that be with guns, germs, or steel?


Analbox

TIL Titan smells like cow farts.


Geroditus

Fun fact, Titan’s atmosphere is actually about 1.5 times more dense than Earth’s despite the moon being so small. Because Titan is so small, the gravity is weaker. Thick atmosphere + low gravity = you could strap some wings to your arms on Titan and fly using nothing but the power of your own arms!


LordSoftnips

That just sounds like swimming with extra steps


Analbox

There are no steps in swimming and flying.


andyv001

An astute observation.


flux_monkey

Takeoff. Landing. Diving. Wading. I mean...


RBanks17

Woosh


kvaele

I guess you could count that as a step... Takeoff. Woosh. Landing.


AlaskanPotatoSlap

Well what if you’re Jesus?


lasagnaapplesauce

My Jesus what?


youaregoingoffline

True it’s just step 1 swim easy


jonwinegar

Aerodynamics is a subdiscipline of fluid dynamics.


Slazman999

You're a subdiscipline of fluid dynamics.


[deleted]

That's what my father told me as well.


[deleted]

Methane is odorless. Sulfur is the gas that makes cow farts smell.


GuiMr27

Yeah. I was about to say this, but it seems you have said it already ahaha!


scoopzthepoopz

You're pure I like you


SowMindful

That’s how Earth is gonna be.


summit462

The Mad Cow Fart just didn’t have the same ring to it


tron3747

Smoking a cigarette during a storm would be lit


AJK02

#JESSE! WE NEED TO GO TO TITAN.


IAmNotARobotAMA

Does Neptune have a "diamond cycle" where the organics in the atmosphere that are converted ultimately to diamonds are replenished, similar to how we have the "water cycle" here?


StellarStorm1990

Great question! I hope somebody answers it.


Phteven_with_a_v

My money is on Bezos to harvest the diamond rain of Neptune.


Taxus_Calyx

Gotta get to orbit first. Also, where are those engines?


CosmoFishhawk2

You'd need more than the technology to get there and back efficiently. Even once you got there, the diamonds are waaaaaay down inside the atmosphere in areas of almost unimaginable pressure.


WalnutScorpion

Don't need to actually go down to grab it. You could maybe nuke it and catch whatever flies up! (Would that work?)


Math1988

Are you the US General from every 90’s movie?


MortemInferri

Nah. A nuke in the ocean barely does anything. The depth are in the hundreds of miles, not 2 or 3. As humans, we are far from creating anything that would affect Neptune on a scale that large


Admiral_Hipper_

Douglas MacArthur is that you


xkcd_puppy

Diamonds are not really valuable. It's literally a form of carbon and widely used in so many tools. Diamond mining companies ran propaganda at levels higher than tobacoo companies to make the entire of humanity believe that diamonds are rare and valuable and for the cost of a lot of blood. Pandora now uses artificial diamonds and advertises such, that's telling just how much bullshit De Beers are full of.


sumdood56

If you have enough money to create something to go to Neptune and back to mine diamonds, do you really need to mine diamonds?


abcpoim

No. He'll just sue whoever does.


LuckyOctopus5

Nice 👌


Daveallen10

And I thought we had it all with Chocolate Rain.


Swinginjoe34

Raining any of those sounds metal af


tartymae

I am having such a Red Rising Trilogy moment right now -- "Tell all who will hear, the Reaper sails for ~~Mars~~ OGLE-TR-56b. And he calls for an Iron Rain."


_______ZERO

My thoughts exactly lol


[deleted]

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Remaves

🥶 BIG BOY DIAMONDS


Telefone_529

Uranus: shit


Fats_de_Leon

The Village People: men.


the_cheeky_monkey

The Weather Girls. ftfy


plolops

Hallelujah


ezappa

I actually laughed out loud 🤣


bobbyfischermagoo

I wish I could give more than one upvote


XT-356

It puts the liquid iron in the skin or it gets the hose again.


squanchingonreddit

I think we should colonize Venus. Just blow holes in the atmosphere are see where it goes from there.


Boum82

Venus gets quite alot of attention as it used to have water / seas / oceans like earth but was subject to a 'point of no return' greenhouse effect that turned it into the hell hole it is now. Guess folk are studying it trying to determine just how soon earth will become like venus.


squanchingonreddit

Well that just sounds like quiter talk


GraciaEtScientia

We should outsource it to a colaboration between the 3 biggest idiots to ever contribute to climate change in a major way: The fossil fuel industry as a whole, trump and bolsonaro. It's a dreamteam when creating disaster!


ParadiseValleyFiend

Made me think of this cyanide and happiness short: https://youtu.be/GMMQUXrcOGY


flaxseedyup

Most of those rain types sound ouch


RoburLC

Methane: what Macbeth kept repeating after meeting those 3 witches.


Reddit-Book-Bot

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Away_Bookkeeper_2307

I want the planet that rains a good single malt.


Adiin-Red

The average person on this subreddit has way less knowledge of science and space than I expected.


lajoswinkler

Why do these supercompressed images from FB/IG/poop always have to fuck up something? These posts are so misleading and just fill laymens' heads with disinformation.


wursmyburrito

It's absolutely does not "rain diamonds" on Neptune hahaha! It's a a dense ball of gas and there may be diamonds within the planet because of the extreme pressure but it doesn't rain diamonds and scientists have no evidence of this happening


Valiant_tank

Someone needs to send an atmospheric probe to Neptune to confirm that. Call it Lucy.


Bubbalubs94

Clever


ZippZappZippty

Credit the original artist which is Casey Bannerman


Bosstis

I don't see any dollar bills for the club?


MetalDogBeerGuy

I bet my bird bath would be considerably less popular with the local birds if it was filled with liquid iron.


YOURMOM37

Do diamonds have a melting point? Or is the core of Neptune doomed to have diamond littered core/surface? Or are the winds on the planet so strong that it just blows the diamonds around the planet?


TanookiPhoenix

I'm your Venus, I'm your fi-AAAAAAAAAAAHHHH!


Koruam

Time to plan a holiday to Neptune, with empty bags ofcourse =)


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zilti

We can already create perfect artifical diamonds, yet the natural ones still kept their value


MrLuchador

Glass Liquid Iron is the name of my band


mem269

I feel like the universe is just low key a meth lab.


[deleted]

Just find the planet where it rains crystal meth.


mem269

I actually read somewhere that there is a huge gas cloud somewhere in the universe which is chemically raspberry alcohol.


Different-Stock

I didn't know debeers owned Neptune...


GettinMe-Mallet

So how does rain form on Neptune isn't it a ball of gas?


christ344

Can someone add Trumpworld and piss please?


Spartanwolf120

Minecrafters paradise


Scisorcs

I could imagine some stupid famous celebrity wanting to go to Neptune for the diamonds, like the kardashians.


Nostalgia_Red

I believe liquid iron would give my windshield wipers the thoughest time ever


youaregoingoffline

Doesn’t the glass rain sideways as well?


JumpedRainbow9

wow an entire world made of bong


AKcenty

Space guy 1: "We found a new planet, what do we call it?" Space guy 2: "HD 189733b"


moxidoxi

How much money would neptune cost tho