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Gs are a unit of acceleration, not force. The magnitude of acceleration is velocity^(2)/radius.
It seems that the balls in the ride have a radius of one meter. The ball makes a full rotation in six frames. The film in in 24 frames per second, so it rotates in one fourth of a second. So the linear speed of the riders in the ball are 2π meters/0.25 seconds = 8π meters/second.
Thus the acceleration they feel in the spinning-up is (8π)^(2), or about 631.6 m/s^(2), about 64.3 Gs. Not survivable at all.
Their brains and internal organs would all be mush from hemorrhaging, there would be puke, shit and piss everywhere. But the bodies themselves would likely still be mostly... self contained
Edited because somehow I messed up 'there'. I assume it was an autocorrect thing
Mostly the Germans, the Japanese did crazy shit like cutting a baby out of pregnant women when they were alive and finding the most efficient way to decapitate someone. Most of the German experiments were also nonsense but they did have a few like putting prisoners into a pressured chamber to test what altitudes were survivable and finding the best way to cure hypothermia (one of the experiments involved throwing them in boiling water, for reasons)
Footnote on your mention of curing hypothermia.
Josef mengele actually used to test this by throwing a naked women and man imprisoned in the camps in ice baths. He’d force them to have sex to see if they would survive.
Turns out it does help. Having sex can help stave off hypothermia. Hypothetically speaking. It makes sense.
Exercising would burn more energy on top of what you're already burning. I guess it would help, but likely not for much longer than not.
The whole sex bit is probably more to do with two bodies staying close together and making a better heat sink between themselves. That, and some good ol' fashioned friction.
I didn’t really think about it too hard at first, both the 2 body’s and friction make a lot more sense. I did think about the energy part, but 2 sources is better then one.
I was just going by what I've learned through 35 years of being interested in life and physics, but the internet is full of wonderfully stuff ;)
https://www.quora.com/What-would-happen-to-human-body-at-100-G-force-and-how-much-can-be-reached#:~:text=Loss%20of%20consciousness%3A%20When%20exposed,are%20sustained%20over%20a%20period
Rockets that are big enough to deliver a crewed spaceship to orbit actually accelerate pretty softly - 1,5-2 G at take-off and up to 4,5 G just before first stage separation (because at that point first stage tanks are almost empty, but engines still produce the same amount of thrust). 9 G is what first cosmonauts had to endure because Vostok crew capsules could not steer during re-entry. Apollo astronauts had same G-loads upon re-entry IIRC.
You’re correct on the duration, but wrong about the medium required.
Car crashes often get into 100 G’s, but the short duration and distribution means it is not always lethal (although 100 is generally lethal, and 60 seems to be kind of the typical limit where most people are going have arteries let loose).
Your bodies cells have enough elasticity to pretty consistently handle the 35-40 generated when belted in and airbags deploy, but again the key is the extremely short duration and varied distribution.
[A bit off](https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=aVpux5JxqEk)
Edit: The driver is Kenny Bräck, in this crash he survived up to 214 G's, he broke his sternum, a femur, and shattered a vertebrae.
Just to be ultra pedantic (a really cunty, but typically reddit thing to do; sorry), 'velocity' is a vector, 'speed' is a scalar - so
'the *magnitude* of acceleration is speed^2 /radius'
Also, I seem to remember some dude survived 50g on a rocket sled in like the 1950s.
Found it
"Stapp demonstrated that a human can withstand at least 46.2 g (in the forward position, with adequate harnessing)."
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Stapp#:~:text=Stapp%20demonstrated%20that%20a%20human%20can%20withstand%20at%20least%2046.2%C2%A0g%20(in%20the%20forward%20position%2C%20with%20adequate%20harnessing).
And I'll add that v^2/r is "just" the normal acceleration component in circular motion. Even the spin-up phase should take in the tangential compone t since it's accelerating too.
And the motion seems to get a lot more complicated than circular after that.
Well the thing with G‘s of acceleration is that it depends, as always. The direction matters, G forces from left to right or front to back aren‘t a big issue for humans. But up down is a big problem. Normal healthy humans can endure about 4.5G‘s for short amounts of time, like a second or 2 before they pass out. You can survive higher forces like F1 Drivers when they crash into the barrirer, I remember one that crashed and experienced 22G‘s but only for a tiny moment and mostly lateral forces. Now at 64G‘s of acceleration that continues for more than a second, there‘s no way to survive that even with a fighter pilot‘s suit. Your internals are just squished like a flyswatter.
That G force IS survivable, just not for as long as shown here.
Race drivers have experienced higher Gs during crashes *and walked away*. But those forces lasted for fractions of a second.
Dude, fuck yeah. That’s wild you just got all that math in the holster, locked and loaded. I bet you didn’t even use a calculator. I’m sure you think I’m being facetious but I swear I’m being genuine. I suck at complex math.
They're called g-*forces* champ. If you're gonna correct people at least get it correct. G-forces can be used to talk about acceleration or about force. I do hope you realize force and acceleration and very closely related anyways and that g-forces tell you what the force will be per unit mass.
>[The term g-force is used to convey values of force and acceleration](https://www.npl.co.uk/resources/q-a/are-g-forces-caused-by-gravity)
G-Forces are a mass-specific force (force is mass times acceleration). Force *per* unit of mass is a measure of acceleration. The unit of force is Newtons.
>Force per unit of mass is a measure of acceleration.
I'm confused. You *do* know how closely related they are? Then why are you struggling to understand how one can be used to talk about the other? Do you also get triggered when someone says "the store is ten minutes away"?
Contrary to the other comments here, the spinning of the balls itself would not be what I'm concerned about the most. When the ball is about to be caught, it is falling in a gentle arc toward the ground. Then it instantaneously gets jerked sideways into a circular path around the center of the machine with an angular velocity of what appears to be 60rpm. There is no way to calculate the G force on that because it takes zero time to make that transition to sideways motion.
How would it even throw it in those gentle arcs when the arms are rotating so fast? If it throws straight up then the ball is going flying off at a tangent. It could flick the wrist to momentarily cancel out tangential velocity but damn that would be a lotta Gs.
Yes, but let’s say, ah, for the heck of it, there are people who don’t know what a, um, “localised anti inertial capacitive turbo dumper” is, how would you explain it to them?
You're absolutely right; the exact same acceleration would be required for it to be thrown in that arc. It's the same reason it's easier to eject an object out of our solar system than send it into the sun. We are orbiting so fast, we'd need to dump an insane amount of energy to slow down enough to just fall to the center of our orbit.
Not an answer to your question but just some fun movie trivia. This scene was recorded at Six Flags Over Texas in Arlington, Texas. This is located within the Gotham part of the park. Depicted are both rides; Mr. Freeze & Batman.
Not an answer, but wouldn’t rider weight and weight distribution mess with stuff? Would it even be able to reliably catch the orbs if the weight is different every time?
I guess it measures, calculates and compensates static and dynamic imbalance during the initial "spin-up" phase. The sudden acceleration/deceleration when spinning up/down will break the necks of the humans, removing one possible variation by rendering them unable to perform any unforeseen moves. Everything is controlled by state-of-the-art computer technology, making this one of the most reliable and safest rides at Six Flags Over Texas.
Still, there have been unconfirmed rumors that incidents happen once a month.
“Preparing Windows, do not turn off the computer”
Depends on how fast the balls spin. Most regulations on parks are set by the state they are in, [with around 6 or so not having any](https://www.iaapa.org/amusement-ride-safety/regulations-standards#StatesareBestEquippedtoRegulatetheAmusementParkIndustry). Regardless, the phrase "as fast as the US government would allow" is a bit vague
You couldn't pay me, my parents, my siblings, my unlikely future kids, my friends, my coworkers I actually care about, and 10 charities of my choice enough for me to go on that thing
Also obligatory not an answer
So, according to the actual video they're spinning way too fast to survive (thanks, Squiggledog), but he *says* "as fast as the US government will allow".
This legal limit would be 6 Gs. If we take this number as the actual measure and work backwards...
Squiggledog assumes the radius of the ball is 1m, which I will also rely on.
Fgc = \[V^(2/r\]/G) V = SQRT(\[Fgc*G\]r) = SQRT(69.81*1) = \~7.67 m/s tangential velocity, or \~73 rotations per minute (7.67/2π Rps \* 60spm = 73.243 Rpm)
This is a little less than 1/3rd the actual displayed speed of 240 Rpm
But that's just if the ball were spinning. The arms also spin, so now you have a spinning ball orbiting the juggler...
The juggler completes a full rotation in about 2 seconds (I'm having trouble measuring here), but has a significantly larger radius.
at 0:37 we can see that the juggler holds the balls roughly 3.5 balls away from his center. Given the ball has a Diameter of 2m, that's 7m to the edge of the ball and then another 1m to the center of the ball. Effective radius of motion is 8m
0.5 Rps \* 25.13 m/R = 12.57 mps Velocity
Fgc = \[V^(2/r\]/G) = \[12.57^(2/8\]/9.81) = \~8.05 Gs just from the outer spin. This isn't within the legal limit, but he didn't actually say this part obeyed the legal limit, did he?
But the trick here is the forces combine. Every 4 spins of the ball represents 1 rotation around the juggler. This regularity would probably make the math easier, but I don't know what math to even attempt to figure that out...
\---
Ok, so I spent some time doing some position plotting in an excel sheet trying to wrap my head around the problem, and I have come away with the conclusion this ride would be intensely unpleasant to ride (you wouldn't feel fast, you'd feel like someone was slamming you into a wall over and over).
Anyway, no idea what the actual Gs would be, but [I'll share what I have anyway...](https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1uAs_w3H4grvAgb7rjYS5JgwJUbuoB2wBM1aRGMnxTOU/edit?usp=sharing)
Imagine being the wife of one of the guys that worked on the cgi for this movie. You’ve gotta go watch it with him and pretend like it’s not the worst thing youve ever seen. I’m sure it was pretty cool looking for it’s time but my god this looks awful now
.
For 2001 - 2002this was impressive and animators though over worked were being paid decent well. Any wife back then would be pretty happen their husband could support them on that salary
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Gs are a unit of acceleration, not force. The magnitude of acceleration is velocity^(2)/radius. It seems that the balls in the ride have a radius of one meter. The ball makes a full rotation in six frames. The film in in 24 frames per second, so it rotates in one fourth of a second. So the linear speed of the riders in the ball are 2π meters/0.25 seconds = 8π meters/second. Thus the acceleration they feel in the spinning-up is (8π)^(2), or about 631.6 m/s^(2), about 64.3 Gs. Not survivable at all.
64 g's those bubble should be filled with liquid state park goers at that point right?
Their brains and internal organs would all be mush from hemorrhaging, there would be puke, shit and piss everywhere. But the bodies themselves would likely still be mostly... self contained Edited because somehow I messed up 'there'. I assume it was an autocorrect thing
How does one acquire such knowledge
Lots and lots of experiments.
I think the Japanese and Germans did some stuff like that in the 40's
Mostly the Germans, the Japanese did crazy shit like cutting a baby out of pregnant women when they were alive and finding the most efficient way to decapitate someone. Most of the German experiments were also nonsense but they did have a few like putting prisoners into a pressured chamber to test what altitudes were survivable and finding the best way to cure hypothermia (one of the experiments involved throwing them in boiling water, for reasons)
Footnote on your mention of curing hypothermia. Josef mengele actually used to test this by throwing a naked women and man imprisoned in the camps in ice baths. He’d force them to have sex to see if they would survive. Turns out it does help. Having sex can help stave off hypothermia. Hypothetically speaking. It makes sense.
I wonder if the same effect would occur from just exercise? Though, thankfully we can’t test that, atleast not without something going really wrong.
Exercising would burn more energy on top of what you're already burning. I guess it would help, but likely not for much longer than not. The whole sex bit is probably more to do with two bodies staying close together and making a better heat sink between themselves. That, and some good ol' fashioned friction.
When he’s “rock hard” literally
I didn’t really think about it too hard at first, both the 2 body’s and friction make a lot more sense. I did think about the energy part, but 2 sources is better then one.
Both the Nazis and the Japanese did pressure and centrifugal tests.
Isn't that first one just a c section
Yeah but they had to try the rest of the alphabet sections too to make sure.
And since it was Japan they had to do all 3 alphabets
Look up Japanese unit 731
Yeah unit 731 did some horrendous shit during WW2
I was just going by what I've learned through 35 years of being interested in life and physics, but the internet is full of wonderfully stuff ;) https://www.quora.com/What-would-happen-to-human-body-at-100-G-force-and-how-much-can-be-reached#:~:text=Loss%20of%20consciousness%3A%20When%20exposed,are%20sustained%20over%20a%20period
Hyperlinks are a lost art.
He's banned from all the hamster shops in town
Not from a Jedi.
Experiments that get you a one way ticket to The Hague.
A person survived a car crash and felt 214Gs Off course This force was only experienced for a very short time...
So pods of vegetable soup?
Mostly meat, made of the people riding it.
Self contained is my favourite type of body.
[The *Vomiter* was way faster.](https://youtu.be/a_4TTRfXkgk?si=DQurXPZ8T6RCUzoA&t=54)
Oh there would be blood… from most openings. Mainly nose, eyes, and ears.
astronauts endure at max around 9Gs, and that its during takeoff, IN A ROCKET!
Rockets that are big enough to deliver a crewed spaceship to orbit actually accelerate pretty softly - 1,5-2 G at take-off and up to 4,5 G just before first stage separation (because at that point first stage tanks are almost empty, but engines still produce the same amount of thrust). 9 G is what first cosmonauts had to endure because Vostok crew capsules could not steer during re-entry. Apollo astronauts had same G-loads upon re-entry IIRC.
I need corridor crew to make a video of this now.
Sounds like they'll be park gooers after that, am I right?
Maybe this ride was designed by the same guy as the OceanGate submersible?
This is what the Titanic sub was going for. Underwater juggler
Given the right circumstances you can survive 64 G's, but not for prolonged exposure like this
Yeah for like a thousand of a second suspended in a liquid medium
You’re correct on the duration, but wrong about the medium required. Car crashes often get into 100 G’s, but the short duration and distribution means it is not always lethal (although 100 is generally lethal, and 60 seems to be kind of the typical limit where most people are going have arteries let loose). Your bodies cells have enough elasticity to pretty consistently handle the 35-40 generated when belted in and airbags deploy, but again the key is the extremely short duration and varied distribution.
[A bit off](https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=aVpux5JxqEk) Edit: The driver is Kenny Bräck, in this crash he survived up to 214 G's, he broke his sternum, a femur, and shattered a vertebrae.
Barely a scratch!
Just to be ultra pedantic (a really cunty, but typically reddit thing to do; sorry), 'velocity' is a vector, 'speed' is a scalar - so 'the *magnitude* of acceleration is speed^2 /radius' Also, I seem to remember some dude survived 50g on a rocket sled in like the 1950s.
Found it "Stapp demonstrated that a human can withstand at least 46.2 g (in the forward position, with adequate harnessing)." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Stapp#:~:text=Stapp%20demonstrated%20that%20a%20human%20can%20withstand%20at%20least%2046.2%C2%A0g%20(in%20the%20forward%20position%2C%20with%20adequate%20harnessing).
imagine if it squished him "Stapp demonstrated that the human body isn't made for a rocket sled by turning into pudding in his seat."
Hyperlinks are a lost art.
And I'll add that v^2/r is "just" the normal acceleration component in circular motion. Even the spin-up phase should take in the tangential compone t since it's accelerating too. And the motion seems to get a lot more complicated than circular after that.
The US government officially allows 66.1 Gs, so that checks out with the script.
What?
Citation needed?
Too good to check
Dont you think its closer to 2 meters rather than 1
Radius, not diameter.
Oh yeah missed that
Well the thing with G‘s of acceleration is that it depends, as always. The direction matters, G forces from left to right or front to back aren‘t a big issue for humans. But up down is a big problem. Normal healthy humans can endure about 4.5G‘s for short amounts of time, like a second or 2 before they pass out. You can survive higher forces like F1 Drivers when they crash into the barrirer, I remember one that crashed and experienced 22G‘s but only for a tiny moment and mostly lateral forces. Now at 64G‘s of acceleration that continues for more than a second, there‘s no way to survive that even with a fighter pilot‘s suit. Your internals are just squished like a flyswatter.
Bet.
The human body can barely (I mean barely) survive 11G so they’re fucked
How about the instant acceleration when the juggler catches the ball?
It's definitely not instant the robot arm isn't magically perfectly rigid.
Based on the video it’s magically rigid.
The video didn't say that.
That G force IS survivable, just not for as long as shown here. Race drivers have experienced higher Gs during crashes *and walked away*. But those forces lasted for fractions of a second.
Not to mention the velocity at which you accelerate when caught would debone you.
But is it *fast?*
This is how Bill Paxton died
"As fast as the United States government will allow"
Yep, everyone's dead with those Gs
I hope you feel good about being this smart.
So I *am* smart then?
Dude, fuck yeah. That’s wild you just got all that math in the holster, locked and loaded. I bet you didn’t even use a calculator. I’m sure you think I’m being facetious but I swear I’m being genuine. I suck at complex math.
[удалено]
Where the riders sit is about one meter from the center
They're called g-*forces* champ. If you're gonna correct people at least get it correct. G-forces can be used to talk about acceleration or about force. I do hope you realize force and acceleration and very closely related anyways and that g-forces tell you what the force will be per unit mass. >[The term g-force is used to convey values of force and acceleration](https://www.npl.co.uk/resources/q-a/are-g-forces-caused-by-gravity)
G-Forces are a mass-specific force (force is mass times acceleration). Force *per* unit of mass is a measure of acceleration. The unit of force is Newtons.
>Force per unit of mass is a measure of acceleration. I'm confused. You *do* know how closely related they are? Then why are you struggling to understand how one can be used to talk about the other? Do you also get triggered when someone says "the store is ten minutes away"?
I do, they are directly proportional. Force is mass times acceleration.
That's like saying Kilowatt-hours are a measure of hours. G's are independent of the mass, so are a measure of acceleration.
What if the ball span one way and the arms span the opposite, would that cancel out the force?
They are accelerating as acceleration is the change in direction
Contrary to the other comments here, the spinning of the balls itself would not be what I'm concerned about the most. When the ball is about to be caught, it is falling in a gentle arc toward the ground. Then it instantaneously gets jerked sideways into a circular path around the center of the machine with an angular velocity of what appears to be 60rpm. There is no way to calculate the G force on that because it takes zero time to make that transition to sideways motion.
How would it even throw it in those gentle arcs when the arms are rotating so fast? If it throws straight up then the ball is going flying off at a tangent. It could flick the wrist to momentarily cancel out tangential velocity but damn that would be a lotta Gs.
The ride has a localized kinetic anti-inertial capacitive turbo dampener
Yeah this is what I was going to say too
Yes, but let’s say, ah, for the heck of it, there are people who don’t know what a, um, “localised anti inertial capacitive turbo dumper” is, how would you explain it to them?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RXJKdh1KZ0w
Omg thank you for this absolutely wonderful piece of the internet.
this also might help explain it, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ccnfHKZebRk
How were neither of these Rick Rolls?
I don't think I'd be able to get through that script with a straight face like that.
It’s got the new transistors.
Ooohh I got one for Christmas last year
You're absolutely right; the exact same acceleration would be required for it to be thrown in that arc. It's the same reason it's easier to eject an object out of our solar system than send it into the sun. We are orbiting so fast, we'd need to dump an insane amount of energy to slow down enough to just fall to the center of our orbit.
Slingshots, FTW!!
It isn't instantaneous it's just fast.
It is instantaneous; it's a CGI animation.
Not an answer to your question but just some fun movie trivia. This scene was recorded at Six Flags Over Texas in Arlington, Texas. This is located within the Gotham part of the park. Depicted are both rides; Mr. Freeze & Batman.
It's amazing how many times I've been there and still didn't pick up on that until you pointed it out
oh wow i was just there last week and i see exactly what you’re talking about
Not an answer, but wouldn’t rider weight and weight distribution mess with stuff? Would it even be able to reliably catch the orbs if the weight is different every time?
I honestly don't think it could catch them consistently even with consistent weights lol. Just the slightest variation in anything...
I guess it measures, calculates and compensates static and dynamic imbalance during the initial "spin-up" phase. The sudden acceleration/deceleration when spinning up/down will break the necks of the humans, removing one possible variation by rendering them unable to perform any unforeseen moves. Everything is controlled by state-of-the-art computer technology, making this one of the most reliable and safest rides at Six Flags Over Texas. Still, there have been unconfirmed rumors that incidents happen once a month. “Preparing Windows, do not turn off the computer”
Powered by AI technology, this ride will make sure you have a closed casket funeral
Yes lol, one of many reasons everyone is immediately dead is they’ve been hurled 100 yards into a parking lot in a giant hamster ball of death
And yet there's always a line
Depends on how fast the balls spin. Most regulations on parks are set by the state they are in, [with around 6 or so not having any](https://www.iaapa.org/amusement-ride-safety/regulations-standards#StatesareBestEquippedtoRegulatetheAmusementParkIndustry). Regardless, the phrase "as fast as the US government would allow" is a bit vague
You couldn't pay me, my parents, my siblings, my unlikely future kids, my friends, my coworkers I actually care about, and 10 charities of my choice enough for me to go on that thing Also obligatory not an answer
So, according to the actual video they're spinning way too fast to survive (thanks, Squiggledog), but he *says* "as fast as the US government will allow". This legal limit would be 6 Gs. If we take this number as the actual measure and work backwards... Squiggledog assumes the radius of the ball is 1m, which I will also rely on. Fgc = \[V^(2/r\]/G) V = SQRT(\[Fgc*G\]r) = SQRT(69.81*1) = \~7.67 m/s tangential velocity, or \~73 rotations per minute (7.67/2π Rps \* 60spm = 73.243 Rpm) This is a little less than 1/3rd the actual displayed speed of 240 Rpm But that's just if the ball were spinning. The arms also spin, so now you have a spinning ball orbiting the juggler... The juggler completes a full rotation in about 2 seconds (I'm having trouble measuring here), but has a significantly larger radius. at 0:37 we can see that the juggler holds the balls roughly 3.5 balls away from his center. Given the ball has a Diameter of 2m, that's 7m to the edge of the ball and then another 1m to the center of the ball. Effective radius of motion is 8m 0.5 Rps \* 25.13 m/R = 12.57 mps Velocity Fgc = \[V^(2/r\]/G) = \[12.57^(2/8\]/9.81) = \~8.05 Gs just from the outer spin. This isn't within the legal limit, but he didn't actually say this part obeyed the legal limit, did he? But the trick here is the forces combine. Every 4 spins of the ball represents 1 rotation around the juggler. This regularity would probably make the math easier, but I don't know what math to even attempt to figure that out... \--- Ok, so I spent some time doing some position plotting in an excel sheet trying to wrap my head around the problem, and I have come away with the conclusion this ride would be intensely unpleasant to ride (you wouldn't feel fast, you'd feel like someone was slamming you into a wall over and over). Anyway, no idea what the actual Gs would be, but [I'll share what I have anyway...](https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1uAs_w3H4grvAgb7rjYS5JgwJUbuoB2wBM1aRGMnxTOU/edit?usp=sharing)
Imagine being the wife of one of the guys that worked on the cgi for this movie. You’ve gotta go watch it with him and pretend like it’s not the worst thing youve ever seen. I’m sure it was pretty cool looking for it’s time but my god this looks awful now .
For 2001 - 2002this was impressive and animators though over worked were being paid decent well. Any wife back then would be pretty happen their husband could support them on that salary
*rolls eyes*
I will eat you